CANE SUGAR. 



lation of massecuite on a level surface. In pans of this type about 30 per cent, 

 more heating surface can be arranged for than in the pans of standard pattern, 

 the gross cubical contents of the pans being the same. 



Welner-Jelinek Pan. The Welner-JelineJc^m^Q effect pan follows 

 the same general lines as the multiple evaporator ; instead, however, of the 

 sides terminating at right angles to the bottom, they are vertical for a part 

 only and afterwards slope in at an angle of 45, being about two feet distant 

 from each other at the bottom of the pan. The heating surface consists of 

 horizontal tubes, about one inch in diameter and arranged in nests ; each tube 

 is distant from the next by about four inches; the nests are placed above each 

 other in stages of from two to four chambers, varying with the size of the pan, 

 and steam can be admitted independently to each stage. 



Fm. 191. 



Express Vacuum Pan. The heating surface of this pan 

 is arranged similarly to that figured in the description of this type in 

 Chapter XVI. 



Short Coil Pans. The first vacuum pans constructed held less 

 than five tons of massecuite, and when built on the lines of the ' Standard ' 

 type called for coils of only comparatively short length. With increase in size 

 of pans an increase in length of coil followed, and it was soon found that 

 the efficiency of the heating surface fell ; this was due to the steam becoming 



344 



