CANE SUGAR. 



Actually, then, under factory conditions, a sweet juice demands a greater 

 consumption of steam in evaporation than does an equal weight of one of less 

 sugar content. 



Relative Consumption of Steam in Different Stations 

 in the Factory, and Potentiality of the Megass as Fuel. 



As a basis of calculation canes containing 12 per cent, fibre are assumed to 

 afford a weight of diluted juice equal to that of the canes ; the megass is 

 assumed to contain 45 per cent, water and 55 per cent, solid matter, of which 

 50 per cent, is fibre; hence, 'per 100 (short) tons of cane there are obtained 

 24 tons of megass, which will afford on combustion 220,880,000 B.T.TJ., 

 and if 65 per cent, of this be taken as available for steam, there results 

 143,572,000 B.T.U. per 100 short tons of megass. The Brix of the diluted 

 juice is taken as 16. 



Heating Juice to Boiling Point. Taking the specific heat of the solids 

 as equal to '301 that of sugar, the specific heat of the juice is *84 + '301 X 

 -16=r-888. To heat 100 tons juice from 84 P. to 212 F. there are then 

 required 100 X 2000 X (212- 84) X '888 = 22,732,000 B.T.TJ., or 15*8 per 

 cent, of the the total available. 



Cleaning Juice in Open Pans. When making consumption sugars it is in 

 some factories customary to clean the juice in eliminators ; the writer has 

 observed a concentration of from 1'5 to 2 Brix during this process. If the 

 evaporation is taken as 10 per cent, of the weight of the juice, there are 

 evaporated 20,000 Ibs. water ; for the evaporation of 1 Ib. of water from and 

 .at 212 P. there are required 969-7 B.T.TJ.,* so that the consumption here is 

 19,390,000, or 13-4 per cent, of the total available. 



Evaporation at Triple Effect. It is supposed that juice is not cleaned in 

 open pans, and that the syrup is turned out at 55 Brix. The evaporation is 



then 55 ~ 16 =r -7091 of the total amount of juice, or 141,820 Ibs. of water 

 55 



from 100 tons of juice. Let each pound of water evaporated require 350 

 B.T.TJ.; then the consumption is 350 x 141, 820 B.T.TJ. = 49,637,000 B.T.TJ., 

 or 34*5 per cent, of the total available. 



E>aporation at Quadruple Effect. Each pound of water evaporated is 

 assumed to require 290 B.T.TJ.; then the consumption is 290 X 141,820 = 28*9 

 per cent, of the total available. 



Evaporation to Massecuite. The total amount of water removed in 

 repeated boilings of syrup and molasses is the same as if the syrup were in one 

 process concentrated to that pitch which would give refuse molasses, provided 

 the molasses resulting from the curing of various massecuites are not diluted 

 previous to reboiling. Let the concentration of the massecuite be 96 Brix. 



* This is the value very recently determined by Peabody, and replaces the older value, 966, 

 found in all earlier tables. 



416 



