FINCHES 13 
The female is distinguished by the ash-grey on the wing. 
The fledgling has no black on the throat, and has the under- 
parts spotted with dark brown. 
Nest. In bushes, trees, hedges. Usu- 
ally in orchards. Material: twigs, roots, 
bents, &c., lined with rootlets, hair, dry 
grass, and fibre. 
Eggs. Usually 4-5. Bluish or greyish- 
reen boldly streaked and spotted with j 
rk olive-brown and faint markings 
of purple-grey. Slate-grey and also Fig. 9. 
buff ground colours occur. Av. size, 
94 x ‘68 in. Laying begins April-May. One brood. 
11. Chaffinch ([Fringilla celebs celebs Linneus}. Resident 
in most parts of British Isles. 
Bird. Length 6 in. Recognised by the conspicuous white | 
patches on the wing-coverts, the slate- 
blue crown and nape, light chocolate 
coloured back, red throat and breast. 
The hen has the crown and nape 
greyish-brown, the back olive-brown, 
the throat and breast whitish-brown 
<< with a tinge of orange-red (sienna). 
The young are much like the hen. 
Nest. hedges, bushes, trees. 
Fie. 10 Material: felted moss, wool, &c., 
weak decorated with lichens and lined with 
hair and feathers. One of the most beautiful nests. 
Eggs. Usually 4-6. Pale greenish spotted and streaked with 
purple-brown. Blue eggs with and without markings occur. 
Av. size, °76 x ‘57 in. ying begins in April. Broods 1-2. 
12. Brambling [Fringilla montifringilla Linneus]. Winter 
visitor to most parts, and bird of passage. Accidental in 
summer. 
Bird. Length 6 in. Distinguished by the chestnut throat 
and breast, white rump conspicuous in flight, and the blue- 
black feathers of the head and mantle, * 
which in winter have ruddy brown edg- 
ings. Belly dull white. The female is 
brownish-grey mottled with brownish on 
the head and mantle, lacks the rich chestnut 
on throat and breast, and is generallyduller. 
13. Goldfinch [Carduelis carduelis britan- 
mica (Hartert); ©. elegans Stephens}. Fig. 11. 
Resident in most parts. 
Bird (Fig. 11). Length 5 in. Easily recognised by the 
