12 BRITISH BIRDS 
neous); P. graculus ay} More or less stationary in certain 
parts of our S. and W. Coasts and Ireland. 
Bird. Length 16 in. Black with blue, violet, and green 
gloss, Easily distinguished by the red legs and bill, the latter 
curved. The beak of the young is at first straight, and is 
coloured various shades of yellow and red till the first autumn 
moult, when the adult colour is assumed. 
Nest. Place: holes and crevices in cliffs, also fissures or 
ledges in caves. Occasionally holes in old buildings, lime- 
kilns, mine shafts. Material: sticks, stems, roots lined with 
wool, hair, &c. 
Eggs. Usually 3-5. White or cream to brownish marked 
with reddish-brown shades and underlying lilac blotches and 
spots. Av. size, 155x110 in. Laying begins April-May. 
One brood. . 
(2) Family: Fringillide, Subfamily: Fringilline—Finches 
9. Greenfinch, green-linnet [Chloris chloris chloris (Linnzeus) ; 
LIigurinus chloris (Linneeus)]. Resident and common in most 
arts. 
, Bird. Length 534 in. Recognised by the yellowish-green 
of its plumage, the striking yellow on the wing quills and the 
base of the tail quills, and by the stout bill. The yellow 
parts are duller in the female, which has also the under-parts 
chiefly olive-grey and the upper-parts browner. The young 
have dark brown stripes both on olive-brown upper-parts an 
the pale yellowish-green under-parts. 
Nest. In shrubs, hedges, trees. Material: twigs, moss, 
roots, wool lined with roots, hair, feathers, 
Eggs. Usually 4-6. Whitish or pale greenish-blue ground 
spotted with reddish-brown and with 
underlying markings of pale violet or light 
brown. Unmarked eggs occur. Av. size, 
‘*80x ‘57 in. Laying begins April-May. 
Broods 2-4, 
10. Hawfinch [Coccothraustes coccothraus- 
tes coccothraustes (Linnseus); C. vulgaris 
Sea ig Resident in woodland districts. 
Rare, Ireland. 
Bird (Fig. 8). Length 7 in. Recognised 
by the orange and ruddy browns of 
its plumage, the huge beak, the horny 
Fig. 8. pads inside it, the black throat and lores, 
and the shape of the tips of the inner 
primaries (Fig. 9). Wing quills black with glossy blue tips. 
