84 BRITISH BIRDS 
Av. size, 242x172 in. Laying begins usually April-May. 
One brood. 
168. Tufted-duck [Nyroca fuligula (Linneus); Fuligula 
cristata (Leach)]. Winter visitor and bird of passage to our 
canals and inland waters; less often on salt water. Breeds 
Scotland, England, Ireland, and Anglesey. 
Bird. Length 17 in. Recognised by the crest, which is 
smaller in the female, and by the black 
(male) or dusky brown (female) head, neck, 
upper-parts, and upper breast; these 
colours contrasting, in the male, with the 
white on the lower breast, belly, and flanks 
which, in the female, are brown to greyish 
Fig. 98, or whitish-brown. The drake hasa purple - 
gloss on the head. Both sexes have the 
beak greyish with a black tip, and the wing speculum white. 
The male, in ‘‘eclipse” (July—October), has the flanks more or 
less pencilled finely with black ; he is otherwise like the female. 
Young birds lack the crest and have more or less white on the 
face. 
Nest. Usually near water, among rushes, grass, heather, 
under bushes. Material : as preceding. 
Eggs. Usually8-12. Olive-brown, greenish-olive, or brownish- 
yellow, “while the shape is somewhat characteristic, many eggs 
being elongated” (Jourdain), Av. size, 232x161 in. Laying 
begins in May-June. One brood. 
169. Scaup-duck, scaup [Nyroca marila marila (Linneeus) ; 
Fuligula marila (Linneus)]. Winter visitor and bird of passage 
to our estuaries and low shores. Breeds exceptionally in 
Scotland. 
Bird. Length 19 in. The drake has the head, neck, upper 
back, and forebreast black with green or purple gloss. The 
rest of the back, the scapulars, and upper wing-coverts pencilled 
white and grey. The flanks and the under-parts from the fore- 
breast. to the under tail-coverts are white. Upper and lower 
tail-coverts black. Speculum or wing patch white with a 
greenish-black border. The drake, in “ eclipse” (July-October), 
is like the duck, but has the head and upper breast much 
darker, The duck has a conspicuous band of white round the 
base of the bill. Head, neck, and forebreast rufous-brown, 
with more or less white on the side of the head. Mantle 
pencilled grey on a brownish ground. Same for flanks. Belly 
white. Speculum as male. The young much like the duck. 
170. Goldeneye [Clangula clangula (Linneus); Clangula 
glaucion (Linneus)]. Winter visitor and bird of passage to 
our coasts and inland waters. 
