62 DAIRY BACTERIOLOGY 



large number of bacteria in the milk duct, and if high grade milk 

 is desired, the very first portion of the fore milk from each teat 

 should always be excluded. Thus the author found the following 

 results on milking from a washed udder and teats into sterile 

 bottles : 



In the fore milk from the four quarters, 16,000 organisms per 



cubic centimetre. 

 In the middle milk from the four quarters, 480 organisms per 



cubic centimetre. 

 In the strippings milk from the four quarters, 360 organisms 



per cubic centimetre. 



The number of bacteria present in the udders varies ; if the 

 teats are regularly washed and disinfected, and protected from 

 dirt between the milkings, e.g., by enclosing them in a waterproof 

 bag, the bacteria in the milk may be reduced to ten per cubic 

 centimetre. The American " certified milk " which contains less 

 than 10,000 organisms per cubic centimetre, keeps extremely 

 well ; instances have been observed of this milk keeping quite 

 good at C. for more than a month, and only containing 1,000 

 organisms per cubic centimetre after a week's keeping. 



According to Burri, milk fresh from the cow, obtained under 

 ordinary circumstances, contains 3,000 to 86,000, and on an 

 average, 21,000 organisms per cubic centimetre. 



