DAIRY BACTERIOLOGY 



sold later than two days after pasteurisation, while first grade 

 milk which is to be used as nursery milk should not be allowed to 

 stand for more than one day after pasteurisation. (8) While 

 first and second grade milk should be sold exclusively in bottles, 

 third and fourth grade milk should only be sold in cans. 



No question concerning milk, and it may even be said no 

 question concerning the public welfare, is of greater importance 

 than that of the Nutrition of Infants, and it will naturally claim 

 our attention here. As Bunge was the first to show, the milks of 

 different animals, are richer in proteins and calcium phosphate 

 the quicker the animals for which they are intended form flesh and 

 bone. To illustrate this point, the author has collated the 

 following table of average analyses of different milks : 



The table shows that the milk of the ass and the mare onty 

 differ from human milk in containing somewhat less fat and a 

 little more calcium and phosphoric acid ; as they both resemble 

 human milk in being alkaline towards litmus, and contain at least 

 as much casein as albumin, they form the best substitute in cases 

 where infants cannot be breast-fed. Unfortunately it is nearly 

 always necessary to have recourse to cow's milk, as the only kind 

 of milk available in large quantities. In order to make cow's milk 

 resemble human milk, water, sugar, and, if possible, also cream, 

 should be added to it. Cane sugar is often used as being the 

 cheapest, but as it favours the development of butyric acid bacteria 

 in the intestine at the expense of the true lactic acid bacteria 1 , 

 milk sugar or malt extract is to be preferred. As the child grows 

 older, it becomes possible to depart more and more from the 

 composition of the mother's milk, and the additions of sugar and 



1 Paul Sittler, " Die wichtigsten Bakterietype der Darmflora beim 

 Saugling," Wurtzburg, 1909, p. 60. 



