DAIRYING. 17 



3 cents per pound gives 4.64X3=14 cents, leaving the net receipts 

 for the 100 pounds of milk from the creamery $1.63 .14=$1.49. 



43. 3rd. If this 100 pounds of milk is taken to a cheese fac- 

 tory, it will make about 10 pounds of cheese, which at 15 cents 

 amounts to $1.50.; to which should be added the value of 90 pounds 

 of whey, which is one-half that of skim milk or 12 cents, making 

 the total receipts for cheese and whey $1.50+12=$1.62, from this 

 must be subtracted the cost of making the cheese, which at V/ 2 i^nts 

 per pound gives 10X^2=15 cents, and $1.6215 cents=$1.47 as 

 the net receipts for the milk if taken to the cheese factory. 



44. A summary of these figures the receipts for 100 pounds 

 of milk, testing 4 per cent, fat when sold at 3 cents per quart as 

 $1.50; when sold to the creamery, $1.49; -and when sold to the 

 cheese factory, $1.47. A comparison similar to this can be made by 

 substituting other prices for milk, butter and cheese as the mar- 

 kets change. 



II, Selecting Cows for the Dairy. 



45. According to the Twelfth Census, taken in the year 1900, 

 there were 18,112,707 cows in the United States. The total amount 

 of milk produced per year is reported as 7,728,583,350 gallons. A 

 calculation made from these figures shows that the average milk 

 production per cow per year is 3,600 pounds. A somewhat more 

 recent estimate of the number of cows was reported by the United 

 States Department of Agriculture in 1906. This gives the total num- 

 ber of cows in the United States at that time as 19,793,866. This is an 

 nicrease of over one and one-half millions in six years, so that it is 

 evidently safe to assume that at the present time, 1910, there are 

 at least 21,000,000 cows in the United States, and that the average 

 production per cow per year is not far from 4,000 pounds of milk. 



46. This average production seems like an extremely small 

 figure, especially to farmers living in localities where milk produc- 

 tion has been carried on for several generations; but it shows what 

 a great opportunity there is for increasing the amount of milk pro- 

 duced per cow per year when this figure is compared with some of 

 the records that are published of herds in which the average pro- 

 duction per cow is from 6,000 to 8,000 pounds of milk per year, and 



