DAIRYING 43 



per cent, of solids-not-fat in the milk was about 9.0% in April, May 

 and October, but in July and October it dropped to 8.4%. It was 

 further shown that in those herds fed grain during the drought, the 

 per cent of solids, not fat, in the milk was about normal, while 

 with no grain feeding it was low. The average of five herds which 

 were fed grainduring drought was 4.28% fat; 8.82% solids-not- 

 fat, and 11.03% pounds cheese per 100 pounds of milk. The average 

 of five herds receiving no grain during drought was 4.02% fat; 

 8.19% solids-not-fat, and 9.86 pounds of cheese for 100 pounds of 

 milk. A similar condition of the milk has been noticed at other 

 cheese factories, showing that long continued drought and insuf- 

 ficient feed at such times has a tendency not only to reduce the 

 milk flow but to reduce the per cent, of solids-not-fat in the milk. 

 This makes a low yield of cheese, although the per cent of fat in 

 the milk would indicate the contrary, and the yield of butter at 

 such times would be increased. 



X. Warm or Cold Drinking Water. 



202. An exhaustive study of the effect of warming the water 

 in winter on the milk production of cows has been made by Prof. 

 F. H. King. He made observations during two winters from 

 about Jan. 2ist to March 3ist, covering periods of 64 and 80 days 

 respectively. Six cows kept in a good stable were divided into two 

 lots. To one lot of three cows was given water at 70 degrees 

 Fahrenheit. Each lot was given water at one of these temperatures 

 Fahrenheit, and to the other lot of three cows water at 32 degrees 

 for a period of about 16 days and then changed to water of t^2 

 other temperature. The observations showed that the cows re- 

 ceiving the warm water drank about 10 pounds more water, ate 

 more food and gave about i.o pounds more milk during one year, 

 and J4 pound more milk the second year per day per cow than 

 those given cold water. The cows on cold water required 1.54 

 and 1:41 pounds food per pound of milk, and those on warmer water 

 1.44 and 1.39 pounds. A calculation of the financial difference in 

 the returns from the two lots based on the same prices of feed and 

 milk, and assuming the cost of warming the water for 40 cows 

 during 120 days to be $15.00, showed a profit of $26.40 the first 

 year and a loss of $5.98 the second year. Every cow showed a 

 preference, except one, for the warm water. Other investigations 



