DAIRYING 



348. These figures show that the fat saved from the skim 

 ilk when milk is skimmed by a centrifugal separator, as com- 

 ared with gravity skimming, is worth from $4 to $6 per cow per 

 ear, and with a herd of 10 to 20 cows enough fat will be saved 

 o pay for the separator in one year. 



349. The number of years that a separator will keep in good 

 unning order depends on its construction and on the kind of use 

 t has at the farm. There is no doubt but these machines, as 



made by the manufacturers who have been in the business for 

 many years, will last for ten years or more ; but it is probably 

 safe to place the depreciation in value and interest on the money 

 invested in a separator costing $100 as about $15 per year, or 

 about five cents per day. 



350. Other items of expense in running a separator daily 

 are, first, the power, which, if run one hour each day, is worth 25 

 cents ; second, the separator oil and some repairs, which may cost 

 about five cents per day, and third, the cost of the labor of clean- 

 ing, w r hich may be about 20 cents. The sum of these daily ex- 

 penses is 55 cents, and if 100 pounds of milk are skimmed per day, 

 the cost of skimming is a little more than one-half a cent per 

 pound or about one cent per quart. The cost of the machine and 

 its operation will, however, be about the same for 1,000 pounds 

 of milk per day as for 100 pounds of milk, and when the larger 

 amount of milk is handled, the cost per pound of milk is reduced 

 to one-tenth of a cent per quart or one-twentieth of a cent per 

 pound of milk. This, together with the quality of the sweet 

 cream and sweet skim milk obtained by using the centrifugal 

 cream separator, make it a valuable machine for farmers owning 

 cows and who either make butter or sell cream. 



HAND SEPARATOR POWER. 



351. People who have traveled extensively among farmers 

 where hand separators are in use, state that the kind of power 

 used to run the separator in various localities is something that 

 seems to be regulated by custom in each locality. In some coun- 

 ties or localities the machines are all turned by hand, while in 



