DAIRYING 73 



Cream should be sampled with a tube or some arrangement 

 that gives the same aliquot portion of each lot. 



366. When the composite samples are tested, the cream 

 shoul be weighed into the Babcock cream test bottles. Meas- 

 uring cream with a pipette of any kind or size does not give ac- 

 curate results in testing with the Babcock test. In Wisconsin 

 the law requires that cream should be tested by weighing into 

 test bottles, and legal cream must contain at least 18 per cent. fat. 



367. Testing cream accurately requires greater care than 

 testing milk, especially in reading the per cent, of fat. The short 

 necked cream bottles, graduated from 40 to 50 per cent., do not 

 afford an opportunity for exact readings, because the column of 

 fat is so wide that the menicus may include nearly one-half of 

 one per cent, fat, and uncertain readings that may be either 

 too high or too low are the result. Cream test bottles should 

 have a narrow neck. This makes it possible to graduate the 

 necks to divisions representing less than one-half of one per cent, 

 each. 



Very accurate tests of cream may be obtained by weighing 

 half the usual quantity of cream, or nine grams, into narrow 

 necked test bottles that are graduated to two-tenths of one per 

 per cent., like the whole milk bottles, and multiplying the read- 

 ings by two. 



Testing Cream When Received 



368. The tendency at the present time seems to be towards 

 testing each lot of cream when it is received. The method of taking 

 composite samples described in preceding paragraphs is not con- 

 sidered by some factories and farmers so satisfactory as gather- 

 ing or shipping each farmer's cream in his own can and then 

 weighing and testing this cream when it is delivered. Some 

 creamery managers find it more satisfactory to confine the cream 

 hauler's duties simply to the delivery of an empty can and the 

 collection of a full or partially filled can of cream at each farm 

 than to expect the hauler to both weigh and sample each lot of 

 cream when he collects them. Gathering the cream in separate 



