40 DAIRYING 



4. The outside air should enter the room near the ceiling 

 and the exit flue should open about one foot from the floor. 



5. The capacity of the entire number of inlet flues and the 

 one or two outlet flues should be about equal although the outlet 

 is usually only one or two large flues while there are many small 

 inlet flues, some of which may be closed during cold weather. 



6. The height of the outlet flue will be governed by the 

 difference in temperature of the inside and the outside air. Pro- 

 fessor King gives the following conclusion in regard to this 

 point : 



"Outtakes and intakes for horses and cows should provide 

 not less than 30 square inches per head when the outtake has a 

 height of 30 feet; if the outtake is shorter the area should be 

 greater; if higher it may be less. 



"A 20 foot outtake would require about 36 square inches 

 per head instead of 30." 



723. The Cow Stall. Considerable attention has been given 

 in recent years to the construction and the arrangement of cow 

 stanchions and stalls so that they will keep the cow clean and 

 will also be comfortable to both the cow and to the milker. Other 

 desirable qualities of a stall or stanchion are convenience in tying 

 up and turning out the cows and protection from injury which 

 may be caused by a cow stepping on the udder of a neighboring 

 cow. 



An arrangement that satisfies these requirements is not 

 necessarily an expensive one, but the way in which a cow is tied 

 or stalled will have considerable influence on the amount of labor 

 necessary to keep her clean while in the stable. 



724. The chain tie around a cow's neck is comfortable, but 

 it gives the cow too much freedom to move from side to side and 

 when this is possible, manure is likely to be dropped on the floor 

 of the stall instead of in the gutter behind the cows, and thus 

 make it difficult to keep the cow clean. 



725. The rigid stanchion is uncomfortable and has the same 

 objections mentioned for the chain tie. Both the tie and the 



