86 DAIRYING 



help to make it clearer. If 350 Ibs. cream testing 28% fat are 

 to be made into cream testing 18% fat by using skim milk the Ibs. 

 skim milk needed may be found as follows: 



2818 = 10: 350X10 = 3500: 



3500-^18 = 195 showing that 195 Ibs. skim, milk added to 

 350 Ibs. cream testing 28% fat will make 545 Ibs. cream testing 

 18% fat. 



If milk testing 4% fat is used instead of skim milk then 

 2818 = 10 and 350X10 = 3500 and 184 = 14 and 3500^14 = 250 

 therefore 350 Ibs. cream testing 28% fat + 250 Ibs. milk testing 

 4% fat = 600 Ibs. cream testing 18% fat. 



RETAILING MILK IN BOTTLES. 



821. This line of work is now carried on in three different 

 ways: 



1. The owner of the cows distributes his own milk and pos- 

 sibly some of his neighbor's milk directly to customers in a near- 

 by town or city. 



2. City milk dealers ship milk in cans to their city establish- 

 ments where it is bottled and distributed. 



3. City milk dealers build a milk bottling station in the 

 country and ship the bottles of milk to the city in refrigerated 

 cars. 



The object to be attained is the same in each of the above 

 cases and supplies and machinery suitable for equipping both the 

 large and the small milk bottling plant have been designed and 

 described in the circulars and catalogs of dealers who make such 

 supplies a specialty. 



822. The general methods of handling bottled milk are the 

 same for the large and the small . dealers. The milk must be 

 clean and sweet, the bottles washed, sterilized and filled, and then 

 kept cool until distributed. 



As a rule the milk is cooled before bottling, but in some 

 instances the warm milk is filled into bottles directly after milk- 

 ing and these placed in ice water or in a refrigerator where the 



