The Races of the Danube. 241 



eastern Europe was raised to terrible fever-heat 

 by the approach of the Hungarians, a non-Ar- 

 yan race from central Asia which has had a very 

 different career from that of the other non-Aryan 

 invaders of Europe. Of all such invaders these 

 alone have established a securely permanent foot- 

 hold, unless we count the cognate Finns, who were 

 established in the far North in pre-historic times. 

 To keep in his mind a succinct view of these eth- 

 nological facts, the reader will do well to remem- 

 ber that all the languages now spoken in Europe 

 are Aryan languages descended from a common 

 Aryan mother-tongue, with just four exceptions. 

 The first of these is the Bask of northwestern 

 Spain, sole remnant of the aboriginal Iberian 

 speech. The second is the group of Finnic dia- 

 lects spoken by a Tataric people which has lived 

 from time immemorial on the eastern shores of 

 the Baltic. The third is the Hungarian, and the 

 fourth is the Turkish. These languages have 

 absolutely nothing in common with the Aryan, 

 either in grammar or vocabulary. The Bask, too, 

 has nothing in common with the three other alien 

 tongues. But Finnish, Hungarian, and Turkish 

 are quite nearly related to each other, and there 

 is also blood-relationship between the peoples who 

 speak these languages. Like the Turks, the Hun- 

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