FRANCIS TREVELYAN BUCKLAND. 371 



The results of his work were soon apparent. 

 The yearly sales of English and Welsh salmon in 

 Billingsgate market, London, before 1861, averaged 

 about eight tons only. From 1867 to 1876 the 

 average sale was eighty-eight tons. The sales 

 of Irish salmon in Billingsgate, three hundred and 

 fifty tons yearly; of Scotch salmon, over one 

 thousand tons yearly. Thus was food provided 

 for millions of people. 



Everywhere Buckland was the friend of animals. 

 He urged that pigs should have "pure, clean, 

 wholesome water" to drink. He assisted at the 

 opening of the Brighton Aquarium, a place which 

 American visitors can never forget, and aided in 

 the establishing of other aquaria. 



In 1873, Mr. Buckland published a " History of 

 British Fishes." All his books went through many 

 editions. In 1874, at the Jubilee Anniversary of 

 the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Ani- 

 mals, he spoke against cruelty to seals. 



He wrote in the " Times " : " Captain David 

 Gray, of the sealing and whaling ship Eclipse, 

 and myself first brought forward, some three years 

 ago, the necessity for a close time for Arctic seals. 

 The principal sealing ground is at Jan Mayen 

 Island, thirteen hundred miles due north from 

 London. . . . The ships (sixty sail) arrive at the 

 ice from the 15th to the 20th March, just as the 

 young seals are born. The seal-hunters at once 

 attack them, and the mcst horrible cruelty ensues. 

 I quote Captain Gray's own words to me : e Last 



