126 FARM ACCOUNTING 



attempt is made to raise horses for the market. If a horse 

 or colt is sold only occasionally, it should be considered 

 as an income arising because of the general plan to keep 

 enough horses on hand to perform the work economically. 

 That is, the occasional sale would not require an account 

 for other horses. 



Swine. The Swine account is charged with the inven- 

 tory value of all swim- on hand at the beginning of tin- 

 year and with all expenses incurred on their behalf. It is 

 credited with the selling price of all swim* sold and with 

 the farm value of all swine slaughtered for consumption 

 by the farmer's household. At the close of the fiscal 

 it is credited with the inventory value of all swine on hand. 

 The balance of the account then shows the loss or gain 

 as a result of raising swine. 



Cattle. An account with Cattle is kept when it is de- 

 sired to find out how much is being made or lost as a 

 result of keeping cattle on the farm. 



If one engages in dairy farming and also in beef cattle 

 raising, it is better to keep a record of the results of each 

 class separate. For this purpose, two accounts called Dairy 

 Cattle and Beef Cattle respectively are maintained, each 

 to show the results of its specific cla 



It is not advisable to keep the two accounts if one of 

 the lines mentioned is entirely subsidiary. That is, if the 

 main cattle industry on a farm is that of dairying, but a 

 few steers or heifers are sold in the market each year, 

 it is not necessary to keep an account with beef cattle. 

 Such sales are considered as an essential part of the main 

 purpose of keeping the dairy herd up to standard. Like- 

 wise, if the main cattle industry is that of feeding for 

 market, but one or two cows are kept for dairy purposes, 

 only the Beef Cattle account is required. 



Cattle account is one of the several accounts, needed in 

 a farm ledger, which are of a peculiar type, from an ac- 



