APPLIAKCES. 



leading to lower ground. Over this drain is a hole in the 

 bottom of the trough, closed by a plug, which extends 

 through the cover as seen in figure 30, and by which 

 the trough may be emptied into the drain. The trough 

 is filled in the morning, and the natural warmth of so 

 much water having so small a surface exposed, prevents 

 it from freezing during the day, even in the coldest 

 weather. At night the open end is closed. In summer 

 the water in this trough is always cool, and vastly supe- 

 rior for live stock to that standing in open troughs. 



A GUARDED HORSE TROUGH. 



Chickens have a way of leaving their drinking pens and 

 "fountains," and seeking the more abundant and fresher 

 water of the horse trough. It is all very well so long as 



Fig. 32. FLOATING BOABD IN HORSE THOUGH. 



the trough is overflowing, but when the water is low, they 

 lose their balance, fall in and drown. Figure 32 shows a 

 board which floats at one end in the water, and rests at 

 the other upon the end of the trough, being held in place 

 by a twenty-penny nail driven through it. The board, 

 being two inches narrower than the trough, floats freely, 

 and there are no more drowned chickens, for, if they fall 

 in, they can get out again unassisted. 



