SMALL TOOLS AND APPLIANCES. 67 



only four inches apart, will handle either chaff or 

 light straw to good advantage. We give, by way of 

 comparison, a simple chaff fork, figure 78, made by 

 first binding and then carefully splitting a single piece 

 of hickory or ash, handles and tines being formed of the 

 same stick. A ring-ferule or band of wire is placed at 

 the point beyond which the splits may not go, and after 

 the splits are made, the tin'- o are spread apart by wedge- 

 shaped pieces of wood. Th je forks are easily made and 

 are the very best stable forjis that can be used. There 

 is no danger of pricking horses or cattle with them, and 

 if one be carelessly left in the stable, or falls down, 

 neither man nor beast is likely to be hurt. 



STABLE SCRAPER AND BROOM. 



The manure gutter is easily cleaned out with the scraper 

 and broom shown below. The scraper, figure 79, is made 



Fig. 79. Fig. 80. 



to fit the width of the gutter, and brings the manure to 

 the trap-door. The broom, figure 80, is then used to 

 sweep the waste matter from the floors into the gutter, 



