70 



FARM APPLIANCES. 



the end of the trace rope, when the rope is passed through 

 the hole made for the purpose, and brought around in 

 the grooved end of the single-tree. To prevent the rope 

 from getting out of place, it is wired or tied with strong 

 cord. If the tree is struck by the end of the single-tree, 

 thus guarded, it slides off without doing much injury. 

 If the trees are young and small, with smooth and tender 



Fig. 84. SAFETY SINGLE-TREE. 



bark, it is well to wrap the end of the traces, for about 

 eighteen inches from the single-tree, with old cloth, to 

 prevent the rough, twisted rope from chafing the trees. 

 Always use a shorter single-tree in plowing and culti- 

 tivating an orchard than in ordinary plowing, and also 

 use a small horse or mule to do the work, as this allows 

 of more thorough work, and with less liability of injury 

 to the low branches or the trunks of the trees. 



BOOT PULPERS AND CUTTERS. 



Those who feed beets, turnips, carrots and other roots, 

 find it necessary to reduce them 

 by some cheaper method than cut- 

 ting by hand with a knife. An 

 excellent machine for pulping 

 roots is shown in figure 85. It 

 may be made by any carpenter in 



III two days, at a cost of about six 



dollars. 



Fig. 85.-ROOT PULPEB. i 



simply a square or oblong box, with a spiked cylinder 



The plan of the machine 

 n the engraving> i fc is 



