WELLS, PUMPS, CISTERNS, FILTERS. 105 



besides a good many other things not looked for will 

 perhaps be brought up. 



A NON-FREEZING PUMP. 



One of the simplest methods of preventing a pump 

 from freezing is shown in figure 129. The pump is 

 boxed from the platform to six inches or more above the 

 spout, the box being made large enough to admit of a 



JIB- 



Fig. 129. PUMP PROTECTOR. 



packing of sawdust or spent tan bark between it and the 

 pump-stock ; or the pump-stock can be well wrapped 

 with heavy hardware paper and then boxed tightly, 

 which will effectually keep out almost any ordinary de- 

 gree of cold. It is well to have the platform double- 

 boarded, running each layer of boards in opposite direc- 

 tions, and mounding up well around the platform with 

 earth, to still further protect against cold. 



AGITATION OF AIR IN WELLS. 



One great objection to the old style of log pump is the 

 non-ventilation of the well. The platform is made as 

 tight and close-fitting as possible, to prevent dirt ? vermin 



