WELLS, PUMPS, CISTERHS, FILTERS. 113 



be supplied by a half -inch pipe, wooden tubing will be 

 found cheaper than iron, lead, or other metallic pipes. 

 Wooden tubing, of from one and a quarter to two-inch 

 bore, may be obtained of all hardware dealers. In pur- 

 chasing observe that the ends are iron -banded, to prevent 

 splitting when placed together, and to prevent the tubes 

 from bursting when under a heavy head of water. Be- 

 fore the pipe is laid, it is best to give it one or two coats 

 of oil ; even crude petroleum will do ; this adds greatly 

 to the durability. In pipes through which there is a 

 constant flow of water, there is little danger of decay ; in 

 fact, some old-fashioned pump logs which have been re- 

 moved after nearly fifty years of use, were found sound 

 on the inside. Wooden, as well as other pipes convey- 

 ing water, should be laid below the frost line. If the 

 water is intended for drinking purposes, place the pipe 

 at least three feet under ground, and if in sandy, porous 

 soils, to a still greater depth. After the pipe is in posi- 

 tion, and before the water is admitted, pour hot coal-tar 

 over it, especially at each joint, which is readily done by 

 using a watering pot or an old tea or coffee-pot. Always 

 test wooden and other pipes- after they are laid, by ad- 

 mitting water before covering them with soil, in order 

 that a leak, if found, may be easily stopped. 



FILTERS FOR FAMILY USE. 



Almost every country store is in more or less direct 

 communication with some pottery, where salt-glazed 

 ware is made. Lead-glazed ware should be avoided, but 

 the salt-glazed is both cheap and safe. Any pottery will 

 furnish to order, or they may have them on hand, five or 

 six gallon cylindrical jars of glazed ware, having a spigot 

 hole in the side close to the bottom, and the usual jar lid. 

 A common flower pot of large size should be selected, 



