APPLIANCES FOB GARDEN AND ORCHARD. 181 



not so bad as it looks, and the inner bark is not entirely 

 removed. If this covers even a fourth -of the wounded 

 portion, and connects the bark above the wound with that 

 below it, the chances are that the wound will heal, if dry- 

 ing can be prevented. The ordinary grafting wax, applied 

 on old, worn cotton cloth, or on paper, as used in graft- 

 ing, should be applied over the injured portion. This, 

 especially on quite small trees, will prevent all evaporation. 

 Another application is the old grafting clay, made by 



Fig. 215. MANNER OF INSERTING THE CIONS. 



thoroughly mixing and beating together stiff clay with 

 half as much cow manure. Apply this over the wound 

 quite thickly, and fasten it in place by wrapping with an 

 old cloth and tying with strings. If the inner bark is 

 completely gone, nothing remains but to bridge over the 

 wound with cions, and thus restore the communication be- 

 tween the roots and top. The cions may be taken from the 

 same tree, if they can be spared, or those from another of 

 the same kind will answer as well. The methods of cut- 



