154 The Farmer's Business Handbook 



with the soil itself is necessary. For instance, if 

 a stream runs over the land of A, then upon 

 the laud of B, and there forms a pond, and the 

 latter choses to prevent boating or fishing 

 thereon, the idea is held that by starting above 

 the land of B and nowhere touching his soil, 

 persons may come down the stream in a boat 

 upon that portion of the stream or the pond 

 overlying B's land, and fish there. Of course 

 the idea is absurd when we bear in mind that 

 the ownership of land includes not merely 

 the solid surface, but all above it as well, and 

 that to cross these boundaries on, above or be- 

 low the surface is a trespass. (See Chapter X, 

 post.) 



Eeal property includes, and a deed of land 

 carries, therefore, all minerals imbedded in the 

 soil, all water percolating through the soil, ice 

 upon streams or ponds above the soil, all natural 

 products as trees and grasses and crops, while 

 standing all will pass under a deed, though not 

 named. (See article on Removal of Crops, page 

 167, post.) Of course, houses and permanent 

 erections upon the land become part of it, as, in- 

 deed, very frequently do many articles of personal 

 property only temporarily affixed to the soil. 

 These additions are called fixtures. 



Personal property embraces every thing or right 

 capable of being owned that is not real prop* 



