APPENDIX. 103 



These symbols are, in most instances, the first letter 

 of the Latin word expressing the article named. But it 

 will be seen in the table that some substances have a 

 small letter added to the capital ; the necessity for this 

 addition is easily explained. The symbol of Carbon is 

 C, but Calcium (the Latin word for lime) also begins 

 with C, hence, to avoid all confusion in the symbols, 

 Calcium is designated by Ca. In the same manner, A r 

 is the symbol of Nitrogen, and Na of Natrium, or Soda. 



36. Table of the principal Compound Bodies named 

 in this work : 



NAME. ELEMENTS. EQUIVALENT. SYMBOL. 



Sulphuric acid, S 16.1 . O 24 . = 40.1 . . 80s 



Nitric acid, N 14.15 . O 40 . = 54.15 . . NO* 



Hydrochloric (Muriatic) acid, Cl 35.42 . H 1 . = 36.42 . . HCl 



Phosphoric acid, P 31.34 . O 40 . = 71.4 . . Pa Os 



Carbonic acid, C 6.12 . O 16 . = 22.12 . . COz 



Water, H 1. . O 8 . = 9. . . HO 



In examining the symbols, there will be seen appended 

 to some of them small figures ; thus, O 3 . The use of 

 those figures is important, and should be remembered. 

 Let us examine the first symbol, that of Sulphuric acid. 

 We find its elements to be Sulphur (S) 16.1, which, on 

 reference to the first table of symbols, is seen to be its 

 equivalent or combining number ; and Oxygen (0) 24, 

 reference to the table of symbols gives 8 as the combining 

 number of Oxygen ; hence, in the number 24 we find 

 three times 8, or 3 equivalents of Oxygen. Then we 

 learn that to form Sulphuric acid one equivalent of 

 Sulphur is combined with three equivalents of Oxygen, 

 and the symbol SO 3 indicates that combination. 



