A HISTORY OF ESSEX 



this was probably part of Theydon Garnon, whose boundary in later times ran 

 through the middle of Epping town.' In and after the 13 th century there were 

 usually reckoned to be 26 parishes in the hundred, including North Weald and 

 Loughton. Greenstead, a very small parish adjoining Chipping Ongar, was 

 sometimes omitted from official lists.' In the Middle Ages the parishes in 

 Ongar hundred were normally identical with the 'vills'. There were occasional 

 exceptions: in the taxation assessment of 1 320, for example (see below, p. 300), 

 Norton Mandeville was included in High Ongar. The same assessment and 

 others of the 14th century listed under Ongar hundred the hamlet of Roding 

 Morrell, which was situated locally in White Roding parish (Dunmow hundred). 

 For the purpose of these assessments Roding Morrell was included in Abbess 

 Roding, but there was never any permanent and parochial connexion between 

 them. The inclusion of Roding Morrell in Ongar hundred possibly originated 

 in the acquisition of the tenancy in chief of the manor of Roding Morrell by the 

 lords of Ongar hundred." 



A document concerning the hundred drawn up in 1543-6 and based on 

 earlier records includes a list of 'the names of the vills, parishes and hamlets' in 

 the hundred. 12 Marden Ash (in High Ongar) and Greenstead appear to have 

 been grouped with Chipping Ongar, and Ashlyns (a detached part of High 

 Ongar) with Bobbingworth. Chivers End was mentioned as a hamlet of High 

 Ongar: it was probably identical with the Passfield of 1086. Barringtons was 

 mentioned as a hamlet of Chigwell and Abridge of Lambourne. There was an 

 entry for Roding Morrell and one for Westwood (a detached part of High Ongar), 

 which was grouped with Chipping Ongar. Apart from the above all the places 

 mentioned were parishes. 



Saxton's Map of Essex, 1 5j6 shows hundred boundaries and the location of 

 parish churches. It correctly places the 26 churches of Ongar hundred, al- 

 though the hundred boundary is inaccurately drawn in relation to some natural 

 features, for example in the south-west corner, at Chigwell. Morrell Roding is 

 not shown as belonging to the hundred. '^ The Map of Essex, iSyS, by John 

 Ogilby and William Morgan, has a more accurate delineation of the hundred 

 boundary. That of Robert Morden and Joseph Pask, about 1690, shows 

 Thornwood (in North Weald) as in Harlow hundred. That of Philip Overton 

 and Thomas Bowles, 1726,' also shows Hastingwood (in North Weald) as in 

 Harlow hundred, Berwick Berners (in Abbess Roding) as in Dunmow hundred, 

 and Roding Morrell as a detached part of Ongar hundred.'* Chapman and 

 Andre's Map of Essex, lyjj shows the hundred boundaries with precision. 

 C. and J. Greenwood's Map of Essex, 1824 is the first to give parish boundaries, 

 but the delineation of these is often inaccurate. The first edition of the Ordnance 

 Survey 6 inch Map (published 1868-84) indicates parish boundaries precisely 

 and shows the detached parts of several parishes, in this hundred notably High 

 Ongar, Magdalen Laver, and North Weald. The origin of such detachments, 

 where it can be explained, lies in the manorial and church history of the 

 parishes concerned. 's 



The census reports of 1 801-41 give Roding Morrell as a separate hamlet of 



' See Theydon Garnon. Epping parish was in Waltham half-hundred. 

 '" e.g. Feud. Aids, ii, 204-6. " Morant, Essex, ii, 471. 



'2 E.R.O., D/DRg 1/197, and see further below. 



'3 Copies of this and the other maps mentioned below are all in the Essex Record Office. 

 '* For Berwick Berners see also Morant, Essex, i, 138. '5 See especially High Ongar, Church. 



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