A HISTORY OF ESSEX 



that the manor contained a capital messuage, a park, 

 and loo acres of land held of William Gernon by ser- 

 vice of 6/., a pair of gilt spurs, and i lb. pepper, 40 acres 

 of land held of John de Sutton by service of i id. and 

 I lb. cummin, 2 acres held of Richard de Teye by 

 service of 1 2</., and % acres held of Richard de Ston- 

 hurst.7' According to a valuation of the manor made 

 a few weeks later the capital messuage within the park 

 was ruinous and worth nothing, there was an unsound 

 (debilt) dovecote worth \2d., no acres of arable of 

 which 40 acres were worth in all 1 3/. 4^2'. and 70 acres 

 were worth i \s. 8a'. a year, 10 acres of meadow worth 

 20/. in all, a park with wild beasts, the grass in which 

 was worth 1 3/. (>d. a year beyond what was necessary 

 to feed the beasts, and the underwood \s. ; the rents of 

 assize of the free tenants were Ij \os. a year and there 

 were 5 8 acres of arable called le Fermelond, worth in 

 all 9^. %d. The profits of the court were said to be 

 worth I T.d. a year and the total annual value of the 

 manor was thus £\ i 4-r. 2d. The details of tenure were 

 repeated, the service due to Richard de Stonhurst 

 being given as i ;</., while each of the tenements held 

 of Stonhurst and Richard de Teye was said to have a 

 marl pit.'* 



Adam de Welle was a minor at the time of these 

 inquisitions, but later in 1326 he did homage and 

 received his lands." In 1333 the keeper of the royal 

 forests south of the Trent was ordered to cause the 

 park of Adam de Welle of Theydon, which adjoined 

 the forest and was taken into the king's hand for defect 

 of the inclosure, to be replevied until the coming of the 

 justices of the forest so that it could be sufficiently 

 inclosed meanwhile.*" About the same time Adam 

 granted to Alma de Furnyvall an annual rent of £,zb 

 from his manors of Theydon Garnon (i.e. Gaynes 

 Park), Hemnalls (see below), and Madells in Epping.*' 

 Adam died in 1 345.*^ Before his death he had granted 

 Gaynes Park, together with properties in the counties 

 of Northampton and Lincoln, to his son John and Maud 

 his wife. '3 Adam was said to have held the manor of 

 Thomas Gernon, who was lord of the capital manor of 

 Theydon Garnon, by service of 7/. and I lb. pepper 

 annually.** 



John, Lord de Welles (as the name was subsequently 

 spelt) died in 1361, holding jointly with his wife the 

 manor, a messuage, and lands in Theydon Garnon, 

 Epping and Theydon Bois, said to be held of the Earl 

 of Stafford, the Abbot of Waltham, Reynold Malyns, 

 and Lucy Gernon. The jury did not specify of which 

 of these lords the manor itself was held. John's heir 

 was his son John, then a child. *s In 1362 the king 

 ordered his escheator not to meddle further with the 

 properties since they had not been held in chief, but 

 held by John jointly with Maud his wife, by gift of 

 his father.** In 1387 Maud granted Gaynes Park, 

 Hemnalls, and Madells to Sir William de Skipwith 



and others, presumably feoffees,*' and three days later 

 they leased the manors to Sir Richard and Sir Stephen 

 Scrope, Thomas Lampet and Robert Marschall for 

 their lives.** Maud died in 1388, and was presumably 

 succeeded by her son John.*' In the same year he was 

 summoned to take his place in Parliament as Lord de 

 Welles, and reproved for his previous excuses.*" On 

 his death in 142 1 he was succeeded by his grandson 

 Lionel de Welles, whose father Eudo had predeceased 

 him.9' 



Lionel, Lord de Welles, married first (1417) Joan 

 Waterton and secondly (1447) Margaret, widow of 

 John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset.'^ In 1447 he 

 settled his Essex manors upon himself and Margaret 

 for their lives, and in his will, dated 1457, he left the 

 properties after Margaret's death to John de Welles, 

 his son by her, and his heirs male and then to his own 

 right heirs." Lionel was killed at the battle of Towton 

 in 1461. Hewassubsequently said to have held Gaynes 

 Park of the hundred of Ongar.'* His heir was Sir 

 Richard de Welles, his son by his first wife, who had 

 married Joan, daughter of Robert (d. 1452), Lord 

 Willoughby de Eresby, and had been summoned to 

 Parliament from 1464 in right of his wife as Lord 

 Willoughby. '5 Lionel de Welles was included in the 

 Act of attainder passed in 1461,'* and in 1462 the king 

 granted the reversion of Gaynes Park, Hemnalls, and 

 Madells after the death of Lionel's widow Margaret 

 to Thomas Colt and his heirs male." The grant was 

 repeated in 1464,'* but in that year Richard de Welles, 

 Lord Willoughly, had a grant of all his father's goods," 

 and in 1468 he obtained a full restitution of blood and 

 honours as Lord Welles.' The three Essex manors 

 continued in Margaret's possession.^ In 1469 Richard 

 was taken prisoner as a Lancastrian and executed. His 

 son Sir Robert de Welles was captured soon after and 

 was also executed, and in 1475 an Act of attainder was 

 passed against them both.3 In that year the reversion 

 to Gaynes Park after Margaret's death was granted to 

 Richard, Duke of York, the king's son.'' Hemnalls and 

 Madells were not mentioned in this grant. Margaret 

 died in 1482.5 In April 1485 Richard III granted 

 Gaynes Park, valued at £t.(> \y. \d. a year, to Sir 

 John Pykeryng and his son Hugh and Hugh's heirs 

 male for good service against the rebels, to hold by 

 knight service and an annual rent of 40/. There was 

 again no reference to Hemnalls and Madells.* 



After the accession of Henry VII John, son of the 

 above Lionel, Lord de Welles, and Margaret his second 

 wife, obtained restitution of the family estates.' In 

 1487 he was created Viscount Welles and in the same 

 year married Cecily daughter of Edward IV.* In 

 1491 the estates were settled upon him and his wife 

 and their heirs by Act of Parliament.' He died in 

 1499, his two daughters having died in infancy.'" 

 Another Act of Parliament in 1503 provided for the 



" Ca]. Inq. p.m. vi, pp. 453-4. The 

 service owed to Stonhurst is now illegible 

 in the MS. 



'« C145/102/8. 



" Cal. Fine R. iii, 410; Cal. Close, 

 1323-7, 606-7. For his pedigree see 

 Complete Peerage (orig. ed.), viii, 76, and 

 S. N. Smith, 'Welle or Welles, Barons 

 Welle', Mite. Gen. et Herald. (5th ser.), 

 ii, 44-48. 



»» Cal. Close, 1333-7, i8^. 



«' Earl FitzwiUiam (Milton) Deed 1680. 



" Complete Peerage (orig. ed.), viii, 76. 



" Feet of F. Essex, iii, 79. 



•♦ Cal. Inq. p.m. viii, p. 433. 



85 Ibid, xi, p. 187. 



" Cal. Close, 1360-4, 305. 



8' Earl FitzwiUiam (Milton) Deed 1683. 



88 Ibid. 1684. 



8' C136/57/17. 



»» Cal. Close, 1385-9,478. 



9' Complete Peerage (orig. ed.), viii, 77. 



»2 Misc. Gen. et Herald {^th. ser.), ix, 46 ; 

 Complete Peerage, xii (l), 48. 



" C140/3/32. 



»« Ibid. 



'5 Complete Peerage (orig. ed.), viii, 77, 

 143. 



«' Rot. Pari. (Rec. Com.), v, 480. 



«' Cal. Pat. 1461-7, 116. 



266 



98 



99 



1 



78. 



2 

 3 



Rot. 



4 

 5 



6 



7 

 8 

 9 



562 



Ibid. 356. 

 Ibid. 357. 

 Complete Peerage (orig. ed.), viii, 77— 



Cal. Close, 1468-76, 13. 



Complete Peerage (orig. ed.), viii, 78 ; 



Pari. (Rec. Com.), vi, 144-5. 



Cal. Pat. 1467-77, 508. 



Complete Peerage, xii (l), 48. 



Cal. Pat. 1476-85, 532. 



Rot. Pari. (Rec. Com.), vi, 286-7. 



Complete Peerage (orig. ed.), viii, 79. 



Statutes of the Realm (Rec. Com.), ii. 



Complete Peerage (orig. ed.), viii, 79. 



