A HISTORY OF ESSEX 



difBculties the managers have applied for controlled 

 status.*" The school is single-storied, of red brick with 

 a tile roof It bears the date 1850. A two-storied 

 teacher's house is attached. In the playground is a pre- 

 fabricated building added in 1948.*' 



In 1 861 the Charity Commission held an inquiry into 

 the complex affairs of the charities 

 CHJRITIES^^ of Epping and Theydon Garnon. 

 This revealed that six of the eleven 

 existing charities were in practice managed together. 

 Two schemes were made following this inquiry, which 

 were designed to give legal sanction to this arrangement 

 and to make it more efficient. The first scheme, made 

 in 1863, dealt with Baker's and Reynolds's Charities. 

 A year later another scheme was made for Archer's, 

 Winstanley's, Mrs. Kirwan's, and Lady Fitzwilliam's 

 Charities. Both these schemes dealt only with the 

 appointment, &c., of trustees, leaving the trusts un- 

 changed. In 1898 the separation of the ecclesiastical 

 and non-ecclesiastical charities under the Local Govern- 

 ment Act of 1894 created three new charities: John 

 Baker's, John Reynolds's, and Elizabeth Cain's eccle- 

 siastical charities. There were already two other 

 ecclesiastical charities, Rogers's and Black's. Another 

 scheme of 190 1 provided for the management of all the 

 charities except Baker's and Reynolds's church charities 

 and Black's Charity. It regulated the use of all funds 

 applicable to the benefit of the poor: other purposes 

 were left untouched. Money for the poor was to 

 be spent on stipends for inmates of Lady Fitzwilliam's 

 almshouses, the support of coal or clothing clubs 

 or other institutions for the benefit of the industrious 

 poor of the parish, or in gifts in kind to the poor. The 

 income of Winstanley's, Archer's, Lady Fitzwilliam's, 

 Mrs. Kirwan's, and Hylard's Charities, Elizabeth 

 Cain's non-ecclesiastical charity, and half the income 

 of Baker's and Reynolds's non-ecclesiastical charities, 

 amounting in all to ;£i 1 5 3/. id., was spent in 1952 as 

 follows: after the payment of expenses ;^8 was given to 

 the provident club and £6 to the school boot club; 

 ;^42 was spent on Christmas presents, and ^^44 4^. loj. 

 was given to Baker's Educational Foundation. 



According to an inscription in the church John 

 Hylard, alderman of London, gave ^50 at an un- 

 known date to the poor of Theydon Garnon. The 

 money was used to buy two houses. In 1834 the 

 original property was supposed to have been sold and 

 replaced by two cottages inhabited by paupers put 

 there by the parish overseer. In 1862 the cottages 

 were in bad repair; they had no endowment and were 

 occupied rent free. The parish successfully resisted 

 attempts to include this charity in the scheme made in 

 1864. In 1898 the cottages were occupied by two 

 widows and an annual donation was received from 

 Baker's Charity. After the sale of Lady Fitzwilliam's 

 almshouses (see below) in 1904 their endowment was 

 to be applied to the support of Hylard's Charity. In 

 1947 the property, which was in Coopersale Street, 

 was sold for jf 5 5 . The income from this is spent with 

 that of the other charities for the poor. 



Baker's or Stonard's Charity was founded by the will 

 of John Baker of Epping, dated 15 18. He directed 

 that the profits of his lands called Stonard's were to be 

 used for the care of the highways between Harlow and 

 London and for other charitable works. The profits 



'» Inf. from Essex Educ. Cttee. {Essex), H.C. 216, 



»■ Inf. from Mr. Temple. (1835), xxi (i), and Char. Com. files. 

 '* Unless otherwise stated all informa- 63 E.R.O., D/P 152/25/2. 



tion in this section is from Rej>. Com. Char. '•» E.R.O., D/P 1 52/25/1. 



PP 



of the wood from part of the property were to be given 

 alternately for the use of the churches of Epping and 

 Theydon Garnon. Part of the property was sold in 

 1 864-5 f°'' ;^3>347 ^""i other small pieces of land were 

 sold at various times so that by 195 1 the endowment 

 consisted of ,^2, 145 in stock as well as Stonard's Farm 

 in Theydon Garnon and Epping. 



In 1637 a decree was made by the Commissioners 

 of Charitable Uses regulating the charity, which had 

 apparently been mismanaged. A Chancery decree was 

 also made concerning it before 165 1. Between 18 14 

 and 1 842 the income was spent on bread and meat for 

 the poor, which was distributed on the Sunday before 

 Christmas.*^ In 1834 the income from rents was £ioj, 

 of which Theydon Garnon received ^i 5 1 5X. In 

 addition £300 stock was held at that time for Theydon 

 Garnon, chiefly comprising profits from wood. The 

 income from this was used to apprentice the sons of 

 parishioners. Other profits from wood were received 

 in 1805, 1806, and 1822 and were spent on repairing 

 and beautifying the church. In 1861 a donation was 

 given to the parish school and the gifts for apprenticing 

 had been abandoned. In 1952 the Theydon Garnon 

 moiety of the charity's income from rents and dividends 

 was ;^68 16/. 6J. 



When the ecclesiastical portion of the charity was 

 split off", the stock held in respect of it was divided be- 

 tween the two parishes. The Theydon Garnon hold- 

 ing is now ;^793 1 5^. jd. which is paid into the church 

 expenses account. 



Thomas Winstanley, by will dated 1 570, left all his 

 lands in North Weald Basse tt in trust to pay 4.0s. a 

 year to the poor of Theydon Garnon. The property 

 consisted of a house and small pasture called Baker's 

 (later Bulk's). In 1923-4 it was sold for ;^3 10, which 

 was invested in stock. 



Between 1570 and 1834 the rent rose from £2 to 

 j£l2. It was generally distributed to the poor in small 

 sums,*^ apparently of cash, until 1834 when it was 

 spent on food with Baker's Charity. In 1952 the 

 income was ^£12 5/. loJ., which was spent with that 

 of the other charities for the poor. 



In 1834 a tablet in the church recorded a gift made 

 in 1 584 by Henry Archer, who gave to the poor a rent 

 charge of ;^2 to be distributed every Whit-Sunday. It 

 issued from the Coopersale House estate (see above. 

 Manors) and in 1834 was distributed with Baker's 

 Charity. The charge was redeemed in 191 1 for ^^80 

 stock which in 1952 produced £2. 



Anne Sidney, Lady Fitzwilliam, by will proved 

 1602, directed that an almshouse should be built in 

 Theydon Garnon and a rent charge purchased to give 

 four poor widows 1 21/. a week each. The almshouses 

 were duly built and an annuity of ^{^12 bought which 

 issued from an estate in Stoke Doyle (Northants.).*' 

 In 1834 the almshouses were in good repair and were 

 occupied by four old widows who received, in addi- 

 tion to their stipends, i guinea every Christmas. In 

 1862 three out of the four inmates received poor relief. 

 By 1895 it was becoming difficult to find occupants 

 because of the dilapidated condition of the almshouses 

 and their distance from the village. Eventually in 1923 

 the land and buildings, then rented as two cottages, 

 were sold for ;£3io which was invested and produced 

 an income of j^io 10/. Sd. in 1952. The almshouse 



247-50, 253-5, 



65 For copies of demand notes sent to 

 the owners of the estate c. 1780 see 

 E.R.O., D/P 152/12/6 and 152/8/1. 



274 



