48 THE VILLA liAKDENER. 



ately after rains, than those can be where one of the side walks is chiefly in 

 shade, as will be the case in the gardens of the houses at a a. The front gar- 

 dens of the houses on the north side of this east and west road will enjoy the 

 sun throughout the day during the whole year, and are, therefore, unless the 

 road is very dusty, suitable for the culture of the finer flowers and shrubs. 

 The gardens at i, behind these houses, are, however, the most unfortunate of 

 all in point of aspect ; for one half of them will be entirely under shade during 

 the whole of the winter mouths, and also during a considerable portion of both 

 the spring and autumn. Only the small portion of wall at the bottom of this 

 garden, which forms the end of it, is fit for the finer fruits ; the remainder 

 should be covered with ornamental climbers: and the walks, during the 

 greater part of the year, will unavoidably be cold and damp. 



At k are shown two pairs of houses, one on the south and the other on the 

 north side of an east and west road, which partake more or less of the cha- 

 racter of the houses shown at g : but the two gardens at m, being open and 

 airy, will be very suitable for taking exercise in throughout the year ; and a 

 vine or a fig may be placed on the south side of the house. The gardens at I 

 will not be much inferior to those at m, in consequence of the sun being 

 admitted to the sides of the house as well as to its front. In this case, as in 

 the gardens of the houses at d, b, and /, the great advantage of detached 

 houses, in point of the enjoyment of the sun and air, is obvious. 



Single detached houses, it will be sufficiently obvious, are subjected to the 

 same laws respecting shade as detached houses which are in pairs. 



71. Where narrow slips of garden ground are necessarily placed east and 

 west, the fences between them ought to be as low as can be permitted if opaque, 

 or to be composed of open iron railings. For the sake of seclusion these rail- 

 ings may be covered during the summer season, when the occupants are most 

 in their gardens, with deciduous creepers, such as scarlet runners, nasturtiums, 

 sweet peas, or that splendid plant, the everlasting pea; but, during winter, 

 they should be left naked, to admit the sun to dry and warm the soil. The 

 aspect of the ground in the case of larger gardens is of less consequence ; as, 

 from their greater width, the space shaded by the wall bears a smaller pro- 

 portion to the entire area. 



72. The artificial exposure, in the case of houses and gardens on a small 

 scale, is no less affected by local circumstances than the natural exposure, in 

 houses on a large scale, is by such as are of a permanent nature. We have 

 shown that an irregular surface has always more or less an irregular climate, 

 and that the side of a hill naturally sheltered may be exposed to a current of 

 wind, reflected or turned out of its natural direction by an adjoining hill. 

 On the very same principles, a house in a sheltered or favourably-exposed 

 situation may be injured by a current of wind directed against it by adjoining 

 houses, or by trees ; and this, as every one knows, is one grand cause of smoky 

 chimneys. An attentive observer of the chimney-tops of the houses in the 

 suburbs of London will find that those which have most of these unsightly 

 contrivances for preventing smoking, are generally small houses near large 

 ones, or near lai'ge ti'ees. in the case of regular streets, where the houses are 

 all of nearly the same size, or of houses that are completely isolated, a common 

 chimney-pot will be found sufficient. 



73. — The direction of the road leading to a suburban residence is not 

 beneath notice. We have shown that, on a small scale, where the houses and 



