88 THE VILLA GAKDENER. 



be of four different kinds, viz. the golden and Ribston pippins, and the Haw- 

 thornden and Keswick codlin. The latter two are most abundant bearers, 

 and the fruit is not only good to eat, but falls well in boiling. As the trees 

 of these varieties grow with great luxuriance, they should be carefully 

 attended to during spring and early summer, to pinch out a large proportion 

 of the young shoots before they have matured their leaves, in order to 

 prevent the plants from becoming too luxuriant, 



136. The gooseberries, and other small fruits, may be planted quite thick, 

 and only two shoots trained in a vertical direction from each plant. They may 

 be placed 2 ft. apart, which will require forty-five plants. The sorts we 

 would recommend are: — Red: the red champagne, an early and excellent 

 fruit; the early rough red; the ironmonger, an excellent fruit for tarts and 

 bottling when green, and for the table when ripe; and Aston's Warrington, 

 an abundant bearer, which retains its fruit till October if protected : to these 

 may be added, for those who like large fruit, the huntsman and the roaring 

 lion; the former having won 141 prizes in the third and fourth years of its 

 being exhibited, and the latter above 800. White : Whitesmith, early, pro- 

 lific, and excellent; crystal, much esteemed for bottling; Taylor's bright 

 Venus ; and the white Dutch, which is preferred to every other kind for 

 making British champagne. Yellow : Rockwood, a large early gooseberry, 

 which gained 777 prizes in five years; and rumbullion, reckoned the best in 

 the markets for preserving. Green : Massey's heart of oak, early and a great 

 bearer ; greenwood ; and the Pitmaston green gage, remarkably rich and 

 sweet. In all fourteen sorts, and the quantity planted of each may be pro- 

 portioned to the taste of the occupier. The currants may be the red Dutch, 

 Knight's early red, and Wilmot's large red ; the white Dutch ; the cham- 

 pagne, which is of a pale flesh colour, which, though it ripens very early, will 

 hang on the trees without protection till October, and with a covering (such 

 as will be hereafter described) till December ; and the black Naples, which 

 is remarkably fine and large. The raspberries may be the early prolific, the 

 red and yellow Antwerp, and the double-bearing or late cane. 



137 The walks in the hack garden we pi-opose to be edged with strawberries ; 

 and, if space could be spared, the alleys inside the espalier trellis might be 

 edged on both sides with strawberries also. These edgings would in all be 

 about 800 ft. in length, and they might be planted with the following kinds, 

 the large sorts being placed next the broad outer walk, and the small sorts on 

 each side the alleys. The strawberries for the margin of the outer walks may 

 be the old scarlet and Grove End scarlet, which are the earliest; Keen's 

 seedling, which is a great bearer, and, taking it altogether, the best straw- 

 berry in cultivation; the roseberry, which is a very great bearer; the old 

 pine, which is the best-flavoured oi all strawberries, though a shy bearer ; 

 and Wilmot's superb, which, though it has not much flavour, is remarkable 

 for its size. For the margins of the alleys we would recommend, as having 

 small leaves and bearing the fruit on high erect stalks, which are not likely 

 to be injured by the feet of persons walking along the alley, the prolific or 

 conical hauthois, the large flat hautbois, the red and white alpine, and the 

 red and white wood. The last four kinds, if regularly supplied with water, 

 will continue in bearing all the summer. 



138, Culiiiari/ crops. — The space left for these, in a back gai:den of the size 

 shown in Jigs. 31. and 35., and laid out in the manner wc have described, 



