176 THE VILLA GARDENER. 



2. Where the object was ornament, novelty, or variety, we would generally prefer kinds 

 foreign to the country, or, at all events, to the locality ; but, where the object was chiefly 

 timber, shelter from high winds, coppice-wood, hedges, &c., we would prefer indigenous 

 species. 



3. In places so small as not to admit of even one plant of each species and variety, we 

 would give the preference to foreign kinds, and would generally exclude such as are indi- 

 genous, except greatly improved varieties. 



4. In general, even where the space would allow of the introduction of the indigenous 

 species, we would only plant them in small quantities, and chiefly for the purpose of rendering 

 the collection of sorts complete, or for harmonising the woods of a residence among them- 

 selves, or with those of the adjoining residences, or for preserving artistical effect ; unless, 

 indeed, the object were timber, or other useful products, in which case we would plant these 

 to the exclusion of the others, agreeably to Rule 2. 



5. We would give the preference to such kinds as were likely to thrive best in the given 

 soil and situation. 



Trees and Shrubs. — Distribution. 



G. We would adopt various modes of distribution, according to the object in view, either 

 in the entire place, or in different parts of it. 



7. In the park scenery, and in larger plantations, trees should prevail, and in the plea- 

 sure-grounds, and in the lawn near the house, shrubs : because the former are more grand, 

 and the latter more beautiful ; and because those in the park require to resist horses, cattle, 

 &c., while all domestic quadrupeds are excluded from the pleasure-grounds. 



8. Near the house, or in what may be considered the more select parts of the grounds, we 

 would make choice of the more rare and beautiful species or varieties, without reference to 

 the countries where they are indigenous. 



9. Near the house and offices, the prevailing kinds should be evergreens ; and these 

 should be introduced, to a greater or less extent, in almost all the plantations of the 

 place. 



10. Marshy situations are those where evergreens are least natural ; because there are 

 few kinds that grow in marshes. On the other hand, most evergreens either grow naturally, 

 or will thrive in sand. Hence, in artificial scenery, the presence of evergreens always implies 

 a dry soil and healthy situation. 



11. In general, a plantation where the trees are deciduous, should have a portion of the 

 shrubs introduced among them evergreens ; and, on the contrary, where the trees are 

 chiefly evergreens, a considerable portion of the undergrowth ought to be deciduous. 



12. Tlyoughout the greater part of the grounds, where any distribution might be adopted 

 at pleasure, we would place such together as require the same soil and situation, or are 

 generally found growing in the same locality in their native country, or are obviously allied 

 by nature. This would bring together, in some places, trees and shrubs requiring moist 

 soils, such as the willow, poplar, alder, &c. ; in others, such as required peat or bog, or 

 as thrive best in these soils, as is the case with all the ^'ricacesB, and with most of the 

 American trees and shrubs: it would also bring together such natural families as the 

 <3iiercina?, the oaks all requiring good soil ; and the Coniferae, as all requiring a soil com- 

 paratively dry and sandy. 



13. While we arranged the general masses of the trees and shrubs of a place, so as to 

 produce broad distinctive features, we would introduce certain species throughout the greater 

 part of the plantations (though only sparingly), for the sake of harmonising the scenery of 

 the particular residence with the scenery of the residences or of the country lying round it. 

 The harmonising plants, in both cases, will be most effective when they are evergreens ; but 

 there ought, also, to be some of deciduous kinds, in order to admit of uniting an evergreen 

 mass with an adjoining deciduous one. 



1 4. As the species for harmonising the plantations of a residence within itself should not 

 be of large size, and should be such as arc acknowledged to be beautiful, and also known 

 to general observers, in order that the harmony may be felt by all, the holly, the box, the 

 laurustinus, and the American thorns are very suitable for this purpose. 



15. To harmonise the plantations of a residence with those of the residences around it, 

 the more conspicuous kinds of trees in the latter require to be introduced (thoiigli only 



