212 TFIE VILLA GARDENER. 



covered with fruit-trees. In eithei* case, the exferior space is supposed to be 

 turf, varied with trees and shrubs. The subdivision of the kitchen-garden 

 into compartments, by walks ft. broad, is so obvious an arrangement as to 

 require no remark. The walls we shall suppose to be of brick, 12 ft. high, 

 and built hollow. The two walls which form the ends, having each one side 

 facing the south, may be flued. At o is a rustic building of an architectural 

 character, so as to be ornamental, which serves as a shed in which various 

 articles may be kept, that are required in the pleasure-ground, and partly also 

 in the kitchen-garden. Among these are hurdles for dividing the lawn, or 

 hurdling off portions to be fed by sheep ; portable racks, mangers, &c., for 

 feeding sheep and lambs in winter and spring ; trees which have been 

 thinned out, and are to be cut up at a convenient season, for poles, or sticks 

 for peas, and other uses ; reed-hurdles, canvas and oiled-paper frames, &c., for 

 protecting fruit-trees, and the plants on the conservative wall ; and, in short, 

 all articles required in the garden, which are too bulky or numerous to be 

 kept in the reserve ground. 



309. The pleasure-ground walk, from the point n to p in fig. 119., is to be 

 lowered by forming an artificial winding hollow, or valley, and placing the 

 walk in the bottom of it. At p, this hollow is supposed to be so much below 

 the level of the approach road as to admit of the walk in it being carried 

 under the road through a tunnel. Both sides of this artificial hollow are 

 intended to be densely clothed with evergreens, to prevent any person on the 

 walk from seeing any object on the approach, or discovering that he is at all 

 near it; and also to prevent the sunk wall from being seen by persons driving 

 along the approach. The direction of the tunnel under the road must be 

 perfectly straight, in order that the light may penetrate freely through it ; 

 for, if bent so as to obstruct the direct passage of the light, it would appear 

 dark and gloomy while entei-ing from either end. The arch may be of brick 

 or stone, set in cement; and it may be covered with a coating of clay, or of 

 asphaltic mastic, so as to prevent the surface water from sinking into it. The 

 interior of the arch, if built of stone, may have open irregular joints, in the 

 rustic manner; and something of the same sort may be effected in brickwork, 

 if the arch be first built in the usual manner, but with an extra half brick in 

 thickness, and tlie soffit afterwards blocked out with the aid of cement so as 

 to resemble large stones, and weather-stained so as to imitate an arch of 

 great antiquity beginning to decay; or the bricks which form the soffit of the 

 arch may remain of their natural colour, but be broken and stained in such a 

 manner as to imitate great age. Both extremities of the arch may terminate 

 in irregular masses of stone, or with vitrified brick, placed according to art, 

 as a finish : but great taste and judgment are required, not to overdo this 

 part of the structure. Above all things, in tunnels of this description, let no 

 attempt ever be made to communicate a grotto-like character, by lining the 

 arch with spars, shells, stalactites, &c., as if it were intended for a place to 

 linger in, and contemplate these, and other grotto-like or hermitage-like 

 objects. In short, no attempt ought to be made to give the tunnel the appear- 

 ance of being anything else than what it is (that is, an archway thrown over a 

 sunk walk), except with reference to age. The older such an arch appears 

 to be, provided there be no indication of insecurity or rapid decay, the less 

 objection is likely to be made to its use, by a stranger, as a place for a walk 

 to pass through. Whatever is very old, and at the same time very strong 



