SMALL COUNTRY VILLAS. 231 



of art which is essential to this style of design. This rule is founded on the 

 principle of a sufficient reason ; for why should a walk be continued along in 

 a straight line, luiless it be for the purpose of arriving at some point or object 

 that it is desirable to go and see ? The windings of walks also depend, or 

 ought to depend, on the same principle, viz, the recurrence of obstacles, 

 either natural or artificial, which prevent them from being made straight. 

 We go along a straight walk, in order to come at the object which is at the 

 end of it; and along a winding one, for the sake of observing the objects that 

 gradually develope themselves as one turn succeeds another. The straight 

 walk approaches its object in a direct and grand manner ; the winding one 

 in a manner which is varied and graceful. 

 Design XVI. — A villa of three acres in extent, with a nearly regular outline. 



331. Ground Plan. — In this design {figs. 130. and 131.), Mr. Rutger informs 

 us, " the house is approached by a lodge entrance {a), and the area in front 

 presents an oval : the carriage road to the stables (b) is from the road at tJie 

 north-east corner (c). At the north end of the house are the yards and build- 

 ings for the difterent offices, to be appropriated as it may be found expedient ; 

 all of which may be entered from the road c, which leads from the main road 

 to the stables. On the west of the stables is a range of forcing-houses (r/), 

 with potting-shed, &c., and gardener's room. At the back, and farther on, 

 is the frame-ground (e), from which the kitchen-garden (/) is entered ; where 

 there is a jiond, and also a cross wall, to give more room for fruit trees. It 

 will be observed that there is access to all these departments, from the stable- 

 yard (i), for the convenience of carting in dung, &c. ; and, also, that the 

 offices and yards appertaining to them are all shut out of view from the house 

 by shrubs. On turning to the right from the west front of the house, a walk 

 {g) is opened to the stable-yard ; and, farther on, a walk {It) leads into the 

 forcing-house department {d). The principal entrance to the kitchen-garden 

 (i) is in the centre, at the west end of the shrubbery. There is a pond with 

 a fountain (k) on the lawn, and, opposite to it, a summer-house (/). On the 

 south there is aside walk, which leads to a small flower-garden (»?), enclosed 

 by a shrubbery, with a reading-room {n) ; and, on the north, nearly opposite, 

 is a conservatory (o), and an oval clump at its front on the lawn, with a walk 

 to communicate from the carriage entrance." 



Design XVII. — Fnr laying out a villa of three acres and a half, on a level 

 surface, ivith a first-rate house. 



332. Groimd j)lan. — For this design {figs. 132. and 133.) we are also 

 indebted to Mr. Rutger. " The house is approached from the south-west by 

 a lodge entrance {a), and, as the road indf^eates, the carriage returns to the 

 stables on the north-east of the premises. The coach-house (b), in this design, 

 is detached from the stables, at the back of which is a yard (c), which may 

 be made available for the dung, and, also, for compost for the frame and 

 forcing departments. In the frame-ground {d), adjoining to the stable-yard, 

 is a row of sheds, for the gardener's room and other purposes. The forcing- 

 houses (e) are at the back of the frames, separated by a yew hedge (/), which 

 also divides the frame-ground from the kitchen-garden (17), which is walled 

 on three sides, with an irregular slip {h) i-ound as far as the walls and forcing- 

 houses extend. The offices (i) are placed at the south end of the house, and 

 hidden by a shi-ubbery, through which there are a back entrance (/i), and also 

 a walk (/) to communicate with the out-door offices, such as the laundry (w), 



