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the scholastic philosophy, was virtually a pantheist 

 after the pattern of Parmenides 1 ; as Spinoza was 

 the last great realist. David of Dinan again was 

 such a pantheist, though luckily for him the Church 

 did not find it out till he was dead; and he was 

 martyred only in his bones. Indeed the great 

 Robert of Lincoln barely escaped the accusation 

 of pantheism under the wing of Augustine. The 

 heresies of David, and of Amaury, caused the 

 reaction of the first years of the 13th century 

 against Aristotle. Amaury seems indeed to have 

 cleared out Christian dogma pretty thoroughly, 

 and to have preached the coming of science as the 

 " third age " of the world. Many of his followers 

 were sent to the stake ; by the Synod of Paris 

 (1209) the works of Aristotle were proscribed, and 

 many copies of them burned. This proscription 

 was virtually withdrawn by Gregory the Ninth in 

 1231 ; and Hales, Albert and St Thomas devoted 

 themselves again to the study of Aristotle, and 



1 The one, to which alone Parmenides and Melissus attri- 

 buted existence, was a material although an incorporeal unity. 

 We must beware of accepting "matter" in the current dualist 

 sense; for Aristotle himself A?/ was hardly distinguishable 

 from 8vvap.is 1 



