63 



Paris ; and from the Royal College of Physicians of 

 England, which was, and is still, enabled by charter 

 to teach surgery, and to grant licenses therein. 

 Fabricius, the master of Harvey, was fortunately as 

 great a surgeon as anatomist, and such was Fallo- 

 pius. In this College Harvey lectured on anatomy 

 and surgery, and he left his surgical instruments 

 to us ; for us Caldwal founded a lectureship in 

 surgery which has been allowed virtually to lapse. 

 From the progress of anatomy which, under the 

 protection of the Italian nobles as formerly of the 

 Alexandrian, went hand in hand with surgery, 

 physicians drew then little advantage ; and so in 

 part perhaps it came about that although Vesalius, 

 Fallopius, and Fabricius broke up the traditional 

 anatomy of Mundinus, yet anatomy did more even 

 for the fine arts than for physiology ; and medicine 

 at the end of the Middle Ages had not recovered 

 the standard of Alexandria. Against this adversity 

 also had to contend the founder of physiology 

 whom to-day we celebrate. 



Such were the chief adversities (vid. Appendix 

 on Astrology) under which the naturalist suffered, 

 but natural knowledge was never stifled ; let us 

 now turn our eyes to another point of view, from 



