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and honour before ecclesiastical politics 1 . Then 

 the few Greek texts found their way into the West, 

 and in the thirteenth century Albert and Aquinas 

 possessed themselves of Greco-latin translations of 

 some treatises of Aristotle 2 . And in the history 



1 Among the MSS. in Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 

 are letters of Innocent IV. to the Archdeacon of Canterbury 

 (and others), " Ut (Episc. Line.) nepotem suum Frederi- 

 cum (of Lavagna) in canonicatum in ecclesia Lincolniensi, 

 proximo vacaturum, inducat, et Resp. Episc. Line, in qua 

 probat talem provisionem esse contra voluntatem et cultus Dei; 

 ideoque negat se concessurum." I see that the authenticity of 

 some of these letters has been called in question by M. Charles 

 Jourdain, but in any case they are contemporary, and conso- 

 nant with Robert's acts and character. Moreover, two years 

 before, Innocent had suspended the bishop for refusing to 

 induct an Italian, ignorant of English, to a rich benefice in his 

 diocese. I find that Dr Luard, in 1880, had no doubts of the 

 authenticity of these letters (Encycl. Brit. xi. 211). Mons. 

 Charles Jourdain's collected essays, in which he discusses 

 their authenticity, were published posthumously in 1888; but 

 his Editor makes the slovenly omission of the dates and 

 places of the first publications of the several essays. 



2 There were three ways of access to the Greek texts of 

 Aristotle : by the Arab-latin translations ; by translations 

 into Latin direct from the Greek ; and by the use of the 

 Greek text itself. These means were modified again by the 

 chances of access to particular authors, and, as in the case of 

 Aristotle for example, to particular treatises. To ascertain 

 the dates of access to these new sources I have made 

 some search; and herein I have found great help in the 

 "Recherches critiques" of Ainable Jourdain. We must 

 remember that though the source of Western culture is not 

 Latin, but Greek, yet its meagre channels in medieval Europe 



