100 



had been taught in the High Schools, philosophy 

 was born again, and men found themselves no 

 longer the slaves but the kin of the great 

 ancients. Telesius, Bruno, Campanella vindicated 

 natural science and liberty of thought. Galileo 

 taught in Padua for twenty years, including the 

 time when Harvey graduated there ; Torricelli was 

 a pupil of the great Florentine ; in 1582, on 

 the theory of Copernicus, Gregory reformed the 

 Calendar, and thus laid the axe to the root of 

 astrology; by Newton terrestrial physics were 

 established in the celestial spheres 1 . Malpighi, 

 who was to fulfil Harvey's discovery and foresight, 

 was born in N.-E. Italy in the very year (1628) in 

 which the De motu cordis was published. In 

 1626 Boyle was creating chemistry. Anatomy, 

 which had slept since its days in Alexandria, was 

 fully awake. The Society of the Lincei was virtually 

 founded in 1603 ; the Royal Society 2 in 1645; the 

 Academy of France in 1656. Clinical teaching, in- 

 itiated in Salerno and advanced by the Consilia 



1 Galileo and Kepler had proved the validity of terrestrial 

 physics and mathematics in astronomy. Aristotle of course 

 was the first to apply physics to astronomy, but wrong physics. 



2 With which Malpighi was in close association. 



