THE SALMON FAMILY. 49 



which case it reaches but a small size. Such 

 specimens, called " Kokos " by the Indians, have 

 been sent us from Lake Whatcom, Washington 

 Territory, by Mr. T. J. Smith of Whatcom. 



The Silver Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutcK) reaches 

 a weight of 3 to 8 pounds. It has 13 developed 

 rays in the anal, 13 branchiostegals, 23 (10+13) 

 gill-rakers, and 45 to 80 pyloric coeca. There are 

 about 127 scales in the lateral line. In color, it is 

 silvery in spring, greenish above, and with a few 

 faint black spots on the tipper parts only. In the 

 fall the males are mostly of a dirty red. 



The Dog Salmon {Oncorhynchus ketd) reaches an 

 average weight of about 12 pounds. It has about 

 14 anal rays, 14 branchiostegals, 24 (9 + 15 ) gill- 

 rakers, and 140 to 185 pyloric coeca. There are 

 about 150 scales in the lateral line. In spring it 

 is dirty silvery, immaculate, or sprinkled with small 

 black specks, the fins dusky. In the fall the male 

 is brick-red or blackish, and its jaws are greatly 

 distorted. 



The Humpback Salmon {Oncorhynchus gorbus- 

 chd) is the smallest of the species, weighing 

 from 3 to 6 pounds. It has usually 15 anal rays, 

 12 branchiostegals, 28 (13+15) gill-rakers, and 

 about 1 80 pyloric coeca. Its scales are much 

 smaller than in any other salmon, there being 180 

 to 240 in the lateral line. In color it is bluish 

 above, silvery below, the posterior and upper parts 

 with many round black spots. The males in fall 

 are red, and are more extravagantly distorted than 

 in any other of the Salmonidce. 



Of these species the blue-back predominates in 

 4 



