18 THE APPLE MOSS. 



The Slatfo or pedicel is terminal or nearly so, erect, 6" 

 to 10" (seconds = lines or twelfths of an inch) high, slender, 

 yellowish, much shorter than the stem. 



The Fruit or capsule (1) is slightly nodding, globular 

 when fresh, oval and showing many ribs or furrows when 

 dry (2). The cap or calyptra (1) is small, smooth, split 

 on one side, and soon vanishing, or fugacious (fugere, to 

 flee away). The lid or operculum is very small, somewhat 

 conical. Under a microscope the peristome shows an outer 

 row of 16 teeth, three of them being seen in the figure (3). 

 There is also an inner row of as many hairs (cilice). 



The Name by which this Moss is known in science is 

 Bartramia. It was conferred by Linnaeus, A. D. 1750, in 

 honor of John Bartram,* of Philadelphia. But this, how- 

 ever, is the title of a family or genus, including several 

 kinds or species. A second name is therefore added to 

 designate the species, f viz., Bartramia pomiformis (Latin, 

 pomum, apple ; forma, form).J; 



The Record. Following the example given in the pre- 

 ceding lesson, the student will now fill the blanks in the 

 annexed tablet. The descriptions are to be drawn from 

 the text or from fresh observations of the plant (p. 17). 

 See directions in " Suggestions to Teachers," p. 6. 



The Order. The Mosses are among the higher orders 

 of the cryptogams. They have proper stems and green 



* Bartram was a Pennsylvania farmer, said by Linnaeus to be the greatest natural 

 botanist then living. He traveled through the forests which at that early day covered 

 so large a part of our country, collected plants and established in Philadelphia the 

 first Botanic Garden in America. 



t The same is true of our Polytrichum, whose specific name is Polytrichum com- 

 mtine (- common), or P. commune. 



$ Many object to scientific names in an elementary book. It should be remem- 

 bered, however, that they are brief, exact, and universal; i.e., they are used in all 

 scientific books and are known to all nations. The common names are local, and 

 vary not only in different countries, but in different parts of the same country. In 

 this work the English name is given first, then the classical or scientific. The 

 should know both, but in conversation may use either. 



