TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



CHAP. PAGE 



I. PIGEON- WHEAT Moss Poly trichum. The Analysis. Cap- 

 sule. Operculura. Calyptra. Peristome. Spores. 

 Flowers. The Flowerless Plants. How the Moss grows. 13 

 II. THE APPLE Moss Bartramia. The double peristome. 



Fugacious calyptra. Cellular structure. THE Musci. 17 



III. THE POLYPOD FERN Polypodium. The rhizome. Frond. 



Sporangia. Spores. Forked venation. How the Fern grows. 20 



IV. THE OSMUND FERNS Osmunda. The vernation. The 



species. THE ORDER FELICES. Tree Ferns. THE 

 CRYPTOGAMIA. The uses of Ferns. The Climbing 



Fern. The Brake. The pioneer vegetation 24 



V. THE DOGTOOTH VIOLET Erythronium. The two Regions. 

 The bulb. Leaf. Venation. The Calyx. Corolla. Sta- 

 mens. Pistils. The fruit. Seeds. Pollen. The province 



ENDOGENS. THE PHENOGAMIA 29 



VI. THE TULIP Tulipa. The tunicated bulb; its contents. 



The flower. Varieties. The Tulip mania in Holland 35 



VII. THE SPRING BEAUTY Claytonia. Tubers. A raceme. The 

 petals and their colored lines. Opposing stamens. The 

 seed and its albumen. ^Estivation. Our two species. The 

 PORTULACACE^E. The Portulacas. The province EXOGENS. 39 

 VIII. THE EARLY CROWFOOT Ranunculus. Fasciculate roots. 

 Perennial herbs. The nectary. Polyandrous and hy- 

 pogynous stamens. The simple fruit distinct carpels. 46 

 IX. BULBOUS CROWFOOT Ranunculus. An inaxial root. The 



corm. Reflexed sepals ; economy. Plan of the flower. . 50 

 X. THE LIVERLEAF Hepatica. Crown-stem. Palmate vena- 

 tion. Involucre. Apetalous flowers. Anatropous seeds. 54 

 XI. RUE ANEMONE Anemone. Tuberous root. Umbel. Com- 

 pound leaves. Distinctness of organs. Absence of honey. 58 

 XII. WOOD ANEMONE Anemone. Creeping root; rhizome. 



Solitary inflorescence. Species. Order RANUNCULACE.E. 60 



XIII. BLOODPOOT Sanguinaria. Rhizome. Juice. Caducous 



sepals. Parietal placentas. Dicotyledonous embryo 64 



XIV. THE POPPY Papaver. An annual herb. The species. 



Order PAPAVERACE.E. The California Poppy. Celan- 

 dine. Use and culture of Opium 68 



XV. THE VIOLETS Viola. A cucullate leaf. Resupinate, ir- 

 regular flowers. Adnate anthers. Cleistogene flowers. 

 Economy in pollen 71 



