J 5 TIGHT GARTERS. 



one on each side of the neck. A tight collar or scarf 

 compresses these veins and tends to cause congestion of 

 the brain, dizziness, redness of the eyes, and a flushed 

 face. 



The chief vein which brings back blood from the foot 

 and the lower leg is named the long saphenous vein (PI. 

 IV., 28). It begins on the inner side of the ankle, and 

 runs to the top of the thigh. A tight garter compresses 

 the saphenous vein, into which many other veins of the 

 leg pour their blood, and thus checks the circulation in 

 that part of the body. The results are deficient blood- 

 flow in the feet. Congestions and inflammations, as 

 chilblains, more easily occur, and the feet are more apt 

 to become cold. If the garter be very tight, the veins 

 below it often get so gorged with blood that their walls 

 stretch and form swellings, known as varicose veins. 

 Varicose veins sometimes burst and cause dangerous 

 bleeding; they very often so press and crush the tissues 

 in their neighborhood as to cause inflammation and 

 sores. The stocking-supporters now so commonly used, 

 which attach the stocking to the waistband, are far 

 better than ordinary garters. 



5. Muscular Exercise Promotes the Circulation of the 

 Blood, not only because it quickens the beat of the 

 heart, but because the contracting muscles drive along 

 the blood in the veins. 



In the veins are numerous valves (Fig. 41), which open 

 towards the heart and from the capillaries. Blood flow- 

 pressed? What is the saphenous vein ? Describe its course. How 

 does a tight garter affect the flow of blood in the leg ? Results ? How 

 may varicose veins be produced ? Consequences of varicose veins? 



5. How does muscular exercise promote the blood-flow ? How is 

 blood prevented from flowing back through the veins towards the 



