MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OR HISTOLOGY. 3 



masses under it ; while the blood which flows from a cut 

 finger, and- the saliva which moistens the mouth, show 

 clearly that liquids exist in the body. 



If we were to go farther and examine closely, outside 

 and inside, any one part of the body, the hand for in- 

 stance, we should find it made up of quite a number of 

 different materials. On its exterior we see shin and 

 nails ; if the skin were dissected off we should find under 

 it more or less yellowish-white fat ; beneath the fat would 

 lie a number of red soft masses, the muscles (answering to 

 what we call the lean of meat) ; under the muscles, again, 

 would be hard, rigid, whitish bones; at the finger joints, 

 where the ends of different bones lie close together, we 

 should find them covered by still another substance, gristle 

 or cartilage. Finally, binding skin and fat and muscles 

 and bone together, we should discover a tough stringy mate- 

 rial, quite different from all of them, and which, since it 

 unites all the rest, is called connective tissue. If we took 

 any other portion of the body we should arrive at a similar 

 result ; it, too, would be made up of a number of different 

 materials, which materials might, as in the case of the 

 foot, be identical with those found in the hand but ar- 

 ranged together in a different way so as to perform another 

 function (just as wood and nails may be used to build a 

 house or a bridge, but are put together in a different man- 

 ner in the two cases) ; or we might, as in the eye, find in 

 addition to some materials found in the hand others quite 

 unlike any of them. 



What different materials do we see on looking at a hand ? What 

 others would be found on dissecting away the skin? What is the 

 technical name for the lean of meat ? What is the technical name 

 of gristle ? What is connective tissue ? Are other parts of the body 

 besides the hand made up of different substances ? Illustrate by an 

 example ? 



