MICROSCOPIC COMPOSITION OF THE BODY. 17 



make up the body and do its work 5 their forms and the 

 way they are arranged together determine the form of the 

 organs ; the things which the kinds of cells found in 

 it can do, determine the faculties of each organ. Some 

 cells can make a great deal of hard intercellular substance, 

 and are employed to construct the skeleton ; others can 

 change their shape and are used to form the organs which 

 move the body ; others can elaborate peculiar solvent 

 liquids and are used in the organs of digestion ; and so on 

 through all the parts. Anatomy in the long run is a study 

 of the forms which cells and intercellular substances may 

 assume ; and physiology a study of what the cells and in- 

 tercellular substances of the body can do. 



The physiological division of labor. In a tribe of 

 wandering savages, living by the chase, we find that each 

 man has no special occupation of his own ; he collects his 

 own food, provides his own shelter, defends himself from 

 wild beasts and his fellow- men. In a civilized nation, on 

 the contrary, we find that most men have some one par- 

 ticular business : farmers raise crops and cattle ; cooks 

 prepare food ; tailors make clothes ; and policemen and 

 soldiers protect the property and lives of the rest of the 

 community ; in other words, we find a division of labor. 

 Just as the more minute the division of employments in it 

 is, the more advanced a nation is in civilization, so an 

 animal is higher or lower just as the duties necessary for 

 maintaining its existence are distributed among different 



What determines the form of an organ ? What its faculties ? 

 Give examples of the employment of cells with different powers to do 

 different things. What is Anatomy really ? What Physiology ? 



Explain what is meant by the physiological division of labor. In 

 what class of nations is the division most minute ? What decides 

 whether an animal is higher or lower than another ? 



