APPENDIX. 247 



Since abdomen and chest alternately expand and contract 

 in healthy breathing, anything which impedes their free 

 movement is to be avoided: the tight lacing which used to 

 be thought elegant, and, indeed, is still indulged in by 

 some who think a distorted form beautiful, seriously im- 

 pedes one of the most important functions of the body, 

 leading not only to shortness of breath and an incapacity for 

 muscular exertion, but, as has been proved, in many cases 

 to actual disease. In extreme cases of tight lacing some 

 organs are often directly injured, weals of fibrous tissue 

 being, for example, not unfrequently found developed on 

 the liver from the constant pressure of the lower ribs forced 

 against it by a tight corset. 



Why should conditions impeding the movement of chest and 

 abdomen be avoided ? What is the result of tight lacing? What is 

 often found on examining after death the bodies of persons who 

 have practised tighi lacing for a long time ? 



APPENDIX TO CHAPTER XVI. 



1. A sheep's lungs with the windpipe attached may be readily ob- 

 tained from a butcher. It is best to secure it and the heart all in one 

 mass, as unless the heart be carefully removed holes are apt to be 

 cut in the lung. 



2. Examine the windpipe, and trace it down to its division into the 

 bronchi. In the wall of the windpipe note the horse-shoe-shaped 

 cartilages which keep it open, and which are so arranged that the 

 dorsal aspect of the tube (which lies against the gullet) has no hard 

 parts in it. 



3. Trace one bronchus to its lung, and then cutting away the lung 

 tissues follow the branching bronchial tubes through the organ. 

 Note the cartilages in their walls. 



4. Carefully divide the other bronchus where it joins the wind- 

 pipe, and lay it and its lung aside. Then slit open the trachea, the 

 bronchus still attached to it and the bronchial tubes. Observe the 

 soft pale-red mucous membrane lining them. 



