NERVOUS SYSTEM. 293 



The seventh pair (facial nerves), VII, are distributed to 

 most of the muscles of the face and scalp. 



The eighth pair (auditory nerves'), VIII, are the nerves 

 of hearing, and are distributed to the inner part of the ear. 



The ninth pair of cranial nerves (glosso-pharyngeal), 

 IX, are distributed chiefly to tongue and pharynx. 



The tenth pair (pneumogastric nerves or vagi), X, give 

 branches to the pharynx, gullet and stomach, the larynx, 

 windpipe and lungs, and to the heart. The vagi run far- 

 ther through the body than any other cranial nerves. 



The eleventh pair (spinal accessory nerves), XI, do not 

 arise mainly from the brain, but from the spinal cord by a 

 number of roots attached to its upper portion, between the 

 anterior and posterior roots of the proper spinal nerves. 

 Each enters the skull cavity alongside of the spinal cord 

 and, getting a few filaments from the medulla oblongata, 

 passes out by the same aperture as the glosso-pharyngeal 

 and pneumogastric nerves. Outside the skull the spinal 

 accessory divides into two branches, one of which joins the 

 pneumogastric trunk, while the other is distributed to 

 muscles about the shoulders. 



The twelfth pair of cranial nerves (hypoglossi), XII, are 

 distributed mainly to the muscles of the tongue. 



The Sympathetic Nervous System. The ganglia which 

 form the main centres of the sympathetic nervous system 



Name the seventh pair of cranial nerves. To what parts are 

 they distributed? 



What is the eighth pair called? What are their functions? Where 

 do they end? 



Name the ninth pair. State their distribution. 



Name the tenth pair. State their distribution. 



Name the eleventh pair. Where do they arise? How do they 

 get into the brain-case? With what nerves do they leave the brain- 

 case? State their distribution. 



Name the twelfth pair of cranial nerves. State their distribution 



