HISTORICAL REVIEW OF VICTORIA. 339 



however, this miscreant was captured while attempting to steal a horse, and met at 

 the hands of the law with the punishment which he had so richly merited. 



In the early part of 1838 Messrs. Joseph Hawclon and Charles Bonney, with a 

 party of nine men, started on an overland expedition with cattle from a station on the 

 Murray for Adelaide, discovering and naming en route Lakes Victoria and Bonney, and 

 after a journey of upwards of three months reached their destination on the 3Oth of 

 April. At the beginning of the year Fawkner had commenced the issue of a weekly 

 newspaper in manuscript entitled the Melbourne Advertiser, which the frequenters of the 

 hotel were privileged to read ; and in the following March the arrival of a hand-press 

 and some type from Launceston enabled him to produce a printed journal. This was 

 styled the Melbourne Daily News and Port Phillip Patriot, and was edited for a time 

 by a brother of Mr. Boucicault, the dramatist. A rival sprang up six months later in 

 the Port Phillip Gazette, edited by Mr. Arden. 



Life was still very insecure in the pastoral districts of the settlement, and on the 

 nth of April, 1838, as a party of fifteen men, in charge of travelling stock, were 

 crossing the country from the Broken River to Goulburn, they were attacked in over- 

 whelming numbers by the natives, and eight of the Europeans were killed by the spears 

 of their assailants, and most of the others wounded. 



Two branches of Sydney banks were established in Melbourne ; the Port Phillip 

 Bank was likewise instituted ; the first Post Office was opened in a small brick building 

 somewhat to the westward of what is now Temple Court ; a mail-cart began to travel 

 between Melbourne and Geelong ; the aborigines were placed under the protection of 

 Government officers ; the first Roman Catholic clergyman and the first Presbyterian 

 minister arrived in Melbourne ; Mr. Peter Snodgrass was appointed Commissioner of 

 Crown Lands for the Port Phillip District, and the price was raised from five to twelve 

 shillings an acre ; a general fast was observed on account of a prolonged drought ; the 

 Melbourne Club was instituted ; the barque Hope arrived from Sydney bringing about 

 two hundred immigrants, and Captain Lonsdale, on the ist of January, 1839, began to 

 exercise the functions of police magistrate. By this time the incoherent settlement had 

 assumed the character of a definite organism, and was already nearly ripe for a 

 corporate existence. 



GOVERNOR LATKOBE. 



On the 4th of February, 1839, Lord Glenelg, Secretary of State for the Colonies, 

 saw fit to appoint Mr. Charles Joseph Latrobe Superintendent of the district of Port 

 Phillip, an office carrying with it the authority and functions of a Lieutenant-Governor. 

 Mr. Latrobe was the son of a Moravian minister, and had acquired the reputation of 

 being an amiable man of studious habits and philanthropic principles ; and it seems to 

 have been considered, that having previously identified himself with the cause of negro 

 emancipation in the West Indies, he was eminently well calculated to look after the 

 temporal and spiritual interests of the aborigines in the south-east of Australia. He 

 arrived with his family in the Pyrenees on the 2nd of October, 1839, and shortly after- 

 wards erected, on a gentle eminence eastward of the city, upon which he bestowed the 

 name of Jolimont, a wooden house he had brought with him from England. In later 



