iooo AUSTRALASIA ILLUSTRATED. 



in two pahs, or fortified villages, and their accumulated store of provisions were burned, 

 and the head of the principal chief, who had been slain, was cut off and kicked by 

 the triumphant soldiers and marines as a foot-ball along the beach. 



The same year " Charles, Baron de Thierry, styling himself a sovereign chief of 

 New Zealand, and King of Nukuheva," one of the Marquesas Islands, laid claim to the 

 rights of a sovereign chief in New Zealand. A meeting of the chiefs took place in 

 response to an address from Mr. Busby, and a declaration of independence on the 

 part of the Maori population was published under the style of " The United Tribes 

 of New Zealand." 



In 1837 Captain Hobson was at Sydney in command of H.M.S. Rattlesnake. A 

 serious war was then raging among the tribes at the Bay of Islands, and Sir Richard 

 Bourke thought it his duty to request Captain Hobson to proceed thither and protect 

 British interests, and to report on the condition of the country. In the report, which 

 attracted considerable attention, Captain Hobson proposed that factories should be 

 established after the manner of the early trading companies of the English and Dutch. 

 \\hen making the recommendation he was probably not aware that the Sydney merchants 

 had, in 1815, made a similar proposal to Governor Macquarie. He also made the 

 humane and sagacious recommendation that a treaty should be made with the New 

 Zealand chiefs for the recognition of the factories, and for the protection of British ' 

 subjects and property. 



MR. WAKKFIELD'S NEW ZEALAND ASSOCIATION. 



In the same year, 1837, a second New Zealand Association was also formed, Mr. 

 Francis Baring being the Chairman. Several of those gentlemen who were in the 

 venture of 1825 were on the Committee, as well as some of those who were active in 

 colonizing South Australia. Mr. Edward Gibbon Wakefield, in his evidence before a 

 Committee of the House of Commons on Colonial Lands in the previous year, had 

 drawn attention to New Zealand as being a field suitable for emigration and coloniza- 

 tion. He said, in 1840, before the Select Committee on New Zealand : " In consequence 

 of that statement a Member of the Committee spoke to me on the subject, and after- 

 wards other persons, and we determined to form an Association for the purpose of 

 obtaining if possible from Parliament some regulation both for the colonization and 

 Government of the islands " of New Zealand. Lord Glenelg was willing to grant the 

 Association a charter of colonization under certain conditions, provided the consent of 

 the chiefs could be obtained. One of these conditions was objected to by the promoters. 

 Lord Glenelg insisted that a certain amount of capital should be subscribed and a fixed 

 proportion paid before the Association should assume any authority. Lord Durham said 

 the Association would " neither run any pecuniary risk nor reap any pecuniary advan- 

 tage," and so the negotiation came to an end. 



In June, 1838, Mr. Erancis Baring obtained leave to bring in a Bill for founding a 

 British colony in New Zealand, and though the first reading was carried by seventy-four 

 votes to twenty-three, it was thrown out on the second reading by a majority of sixty. 

 The Wakefield system of colonization, as it was called, was the establishment of 

 colonies in which the grades of English society might be reproduced. The land, as in 



