I02 6 AUSTRALASIA ILLUSTRATED. 



idea familiar to the native mind, as a tribe worsted in conflict often suffered a loss of 

 tribal estate as a consequence of defeat. So well was this mode of punishment under- 

 stood by both races, that when the missionaries, who had much influence in the Ray 

 of Islands, proposed, in 1838, the confiscation of the lands of a Maori malefactor, they 

 found the other natives approving of the suggestion, and aiding its enforcement. In the 

 outbreak of Heke and Kawiti, in 1845, the Rev. H. Williams and Mr. G. Clarke both 

 advised the Governor to confiscate the lands of the insurgents. Insecurity of office, 

 however, prevented the Domett Administration from confiscating land. A Whitaker-Fox 

 Ministry came into power at the end of October, 1863, and the "New Zealand Settle- 

 ment Act" was passed in the December following. Under its operation three million 

 eight hundred and eighty-four thousand four hundred and thirty-seven acres were confis- 

 cated in the provinces of Wellington, Taranaki and Auckland ; and, though the Imperial 

 Government looked askance at the Enactment, it was affirmed. 



In November, 1864, the seat of Government was removed from Auckland to 

 Wellington, Cook Strait, in consequence of an agitation for a more central position from 

 which to direct the Administration of the colony, there being at that period very few 

 telegraphs, and indifferent and irregular communication by sea. In July, 1866, the 

 Governor announced the cessation of the war, and in the November following Sir G. 

 F. Bowen was appointed Sir George Grey's successor. With Sir George Grey's term of 

 office the personal authority of the Governors of New Zealand may be said to have 

 ended, and Ministerial responsibility to have been fully established. When Sir George 

 Bowen commenced his term of Governorship in February, 1868, the Ministry was presided 

 over by Mr. Stafford, who succeeded Mr. Weld, the latter having held office as Premier 

 for about eleven months. In June, 1868, an outbreak took place among the natives, led 

 by Titokowaru, on the west coast of the North Island, resulting in what was known as 

 the " West Coast Campaign." During the month following some political prisoners confined 

 on the Chatham Islands, led by Te Kooti, effected their escape in a schooner named the 

 Rifleman, and, proceeding to the east coast, commenced a guerrilla warfare which continued 

 two years before it was brought to a conclusion. Among the terrors of this warfare was 

 the "Poverty Bay Massacre," on the gth of November, 1868, when twenty-nine Europeans 

 and thirty-two natives were murdered. On the i2th February, 1869, eight people were 

 massacred at the White Cliffs, in the province of Taranaki; the Rev. John Whitely, a 

 Wesleyan preacher, being among the number. 



THE PUBLIC POLICY. 



In June, 1869, Mr. William Fox became Premier, having Mr. Vogel associated with 

 him as Colonial Treasurer. The colony had felt the war acutely, and the North was 

 somewhat exhausted by the strain placed upon its capacities. Mr. Vogel, however, in 

 the session of 1870, initiated a new departure in the policy of the country, founded on 

 the belief that the natives could be more easily dealt with by constructing roads and 

 railroads, and by the increase of European population by immigration, than by the old 

 recognized modes of procedure, while the whole colony would be beneficially affected, he 

 maintained, by the stimulus of the money borrowed for the purposes indicated. He 

 proposed to obtain six million sterling by way of loan for defence, immigration, public 



