AGRICULTURAL DRAINING. 



45 





that is, they should 

 be so arranged, and 

 the material into and 

 from which the 

 water is to pass 

 should be so laid that 



Branch or Weeping Drain " of Tee-tre-. water Can enter f rom 



below and from both sides freely. The depth at which 

 drains can act most effectively depends upon the nature of 

 the soil and the character of the culti- 

 vation. Two and a-half feet is the 

 most shallow limit for field crops ; 

 three and a-half for orchards. 



Draining Tools. If but a small area 

 is to be drained, suitable tools make 

 the work less expensive. For big jobs 

 8 the best kind of tools soon pay for 



themselves. They are not costly. The 

 requirements are a steel spade and 

 mattock, deepening and clearing spades 

 (A. B. c.), a scoop, and a hook for layin 

 pipes when they are used. 



Where much work has to be done, 

 a draining plough may be an advan- 

 tage. The revolving coulters cut the 

 edges, 5 or more inches deep, the 

 Deepening Spade* for soil being raised by the mould board 

 Draining am | deposited at the side, thus making 



the first opening. Draining tools are then used forgetting 

 to the required depth. Not an inch more soil need be moved 



Draining nr Ditching Plough. 



than is absolutely necessary at either top or bottom, and 

 in filling up, the poorer soil should be nearest the drain 

 material, and tramped firmly on top, so as to make the 



