62 



AUSTRALIAN AGRICULTUBK. 



keen shares; half-worn shares may be kept for softer 



soil. Strong sharp 



coulters are necessary 



to cut through the 



strong, matted grasses 



of warm climates. In 



heavy grass land the 



coulter should have a 



decided slope forwards American Style of Plough. 



at the point ; in clean land it may be almost straight down 

 from the beam. The point of the coulter should just clear 

 the share, and always cut in a straight line with the sole. 



American Ploughs. They are shorter than those 

 described, and do good work. The coulter iu not common 

 in America. A gain of draught by dispensing with the 

 coulter of 15'6 per cent., American makers say, is got by 

 ploughs designed with sharp cutting edge on the body. 



Chilled Shares. On stony and sandy soils the share 

 of the plough wears away very quickly, and time is lost in 

 taking it off for relaying, sharpening, 

 &c. The chilled share is an advantage 

 in modern implements. The share 

 being chilled, ormadeharderonthe under 

 side than it is on the upper, the metal 

 Chined share. weara sharp until the share is worn out. 

 Subsoil Ploughing. The value of subsoiling by means 

 of the plough of giving as great a depth as possible to 

 land under cultivation without bringing the poorer, raw 

 soil to the surface cannot be overrated in a warm climate. 

 The work is effectively done with the subsoil plough, many 

 forms of which are made, for one, two, three, and four 

 horses. We prefer the single horse implement. It is light, 

 handy, and breaks the soil 

 from 4 to 7 inches deep, 

 (a) is the sole of the sub- 

 soiler, (6) the standard for 

 cutting; (d) is a nut for 

 holding the standard. When 

 run in the furrow after a 



, , . ,. Subsoil Plougl 



plough turning out a slice 



