DAIRYING INTERESTS. 175 



run away on the slightest pretext, unless guarded as 

 described. 



Training Horses. After young horses have once 

 become sufficiently bridle wise and an excellent system of 

 circular machine training is now in use for that purpose 

 it is a good practice to teach them the meaning of words. 

 This is not a difficult matter, provided too many words are 

 not used at any time. The first step is to adopt some 

 word, at the sound of which the horse is to understand that 

 he must stop. Words that are easy to speak, and which 

 can be made emphatic, should be chosen, such as " Ho !" 

 " Whoa !" &c., and every time fche word is used the horse 

 to which ic is spoken should be made to obey it fully. 

 Carelessness in regard to this matter will do more to undo 

 what has been taught than anything else. When a horse 

 fully understands the meaning of the word used when we 

 wish him to stop and stand still, the greater part of the 

 work is accomplished. To make the work more effective, 

 it is a good plan to get into the vehicle to which the horse 

 is hitched, and having stopped after a short drive, one 

 should get out and leave him for a shore distance. Should 

 tlie horse then start, the one in the vehicle cau draw the 

 lines suddenly, and thus prevent his getting away. There 

 will be no great trouble in teaching a horse with an ordinary 

 amount of common horse-sense to stand without being 

 hitched, when a little judgment and patience are used in 

 training him. 



XVII. DAIRYING J INTERESTS. 



DAIRYING as an export business lias been of slow 

 growth in Australia. During tin- long series of years since 

 milking cattle were introduced, they were the few only, and 

 generally classed ,-is dreamers, who had an idea that dairy 

 products butter, cheese, preserved milk, bacon, hams, and 

 lard would become exports from this country ; yet in the 

 very early days. Alexander Berry, located in the Illawarra 

 district, had such an idea. He was no dreamer, but a 



